Windows User Home Folders

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Revision as of 20:52, 11 April 2016 by Mmuehlfeld (talk | contribs) (Fix layout)

Introduction

In a professional environment, you setup the permissions on the share containing the user homes, in a way that allows the automatic creation for new accounts without setting ACL's manually.



Preparatory work

Before continuing, make sure that you have read the Setup and configure file shares HowTo and have complied with the preconditions.



Adding the share

  • Add the new share to your smb.conf
 [home]
         path = /srv/samba/home/
         read only = No
Do not name the share "[homes]", as this is a special share (see the smb.conf manpage)! The "[homes]" share on an AD DC cannot handle the automatic folder creation we will setup below and as such will not work!
  • Create the folder that will contain the home directories. The permissions will be set later.
 # mkdir /srv/samba/home/
  • Reload Samba, to make the changes effective
 # smbcontrol all reload-config



Setting up the share and filesystem permissions

The following steps can be performed on any Windows client.

Note: If you have the requirement that your users also need to access their home folder locally on the server, you will have to add a group that contains these user accounts. Add this group in all the steps below and set the permissions to exactly the same as „Authenticated users“. Of course this group must be available locally through Winbindd, sssd, nslcd, or other. This is required because if the user logs in locally on the server, there is no „Authenticated User“!

  • Log on to a Windows machine using an account, or a member of a group, the „SeDiskOperatorPrivilege“ was granted to.
  • Open the Start Menu and search for „Computer Management“.
  • In the menu bar, go to „Action“ / „Connect to another computer“.
  • Enter the name of your Samba server you have created the new share on.
  • Navigate to „System Tools“ / „Shared Folders“ / „Shares“ and select the newly added share.
File:Computer Management Shares home.png
  • Right-click to the share name and choose „Properties“ .
  • Go to the „Share Permissions“ tab.
  • Change the share permissions to:
 Authenticated Users: Full Control
 Domain Admins:       Full Control
 System:              Full Control
If you have the requirement that your users also need access their home folder locally on the server, additionally add a group that contains these user accounts. Because if the user logs in locally on the server, there is no „Authenticated User“! The permissions for this additional group have to be the same as „Authenticated users“
File:Home share permissions.png
If this fails with a „permission denied“ error, recheck if you are using an account with SeDiskOperatorPrivilege privileges!
  • Next go to the „Security“ tab.
  • Click the „Advanced“ button and in the window that appears, the „Change permissions“ button. In the next Window, uncheck the „Include inheritable permissions from the object's parent“ option. Close the windows with „OK“ until you are back to the „Security“ tab.
Include inheritable permissions from this objects parent.png
  • Click the „Edit“ button to modify the filesystem ACLs according to the following:
     Administrator:       Full Control
     Authenticated Users: Read & Execute, List Folder Contents, Read
     Creator Owner:       Full Control
     Domain Admins:       Full Control
     System:              Full Control
The „Creator Owner“ permissions are automatically limited to „Subfolder and files only“. This is correct.
FS ACLs home share.png
Close the „Edit“ window with „OK“ and return to the „Security“ tab.
  • To prevent „Authenticated Users“ accessing other users home folder, click the „Advanced“ button again and in the appearing sub-window the „Change permissions“ button. Select „Authenticated Users“ from the list, click „Edit“ and change the „Apply to“ value to „This folder only“.
File:Apply to This folder only.png
  • Close all Windows with „OK“ to save the changes.



Define the users home folder in the account settings

For these steps, you must have the Microsoft RSAT (Remote Server Administration Tools) installed.

The account that is used for account creation must have the respective permissions in AD and on the home share (e. g. „Domain Administrator“).

  • Open Active Directory Users and Computer (ADUC).
  • Edit an existing user account (or create a new one first), by right-clicking and choosing „Properties“
  • If you plan to assign a UID in the „Unix Attributes“ tab, then do this first and apply the changes. Then the user folders ACLs would include this UID, too.
  • Switch to the „Profile“ tab. Choose a drive letter the home drive should be be connected to, and fill the „To“ field with the path to the users home folder. You can use the variable „%USERNAME%“ instead of the individual username. This is useful, if you modify multiple accounts at once.
File:User properties Profiles tab home drive.png
  • Close the users properties window with „OK“ to save the modification. The users home directory is created on the fly during the save processes.



Validate the result

On Windows

If you check the ACLs on the folder on Windows, you can see that the ACLs are applied as configured:

File:FS ACLs on users home folder.png

Only the defined users have permissions. „Authenticated Users“ are not inclueded and can't access the users home folder.


On *nix

On *nix side, you have to check the entire ACLs with getfacl, to see the extended ACLs, too.

Here is the getfacl output of the folder that is shown above in the Windows example, too.

# getfacl /srv/samba/home/demo1

# file: srv/samba/home/demo1
# owner: 3000000
# group: Domain\040Users
user::rwx
user:Administrator:rwx
user:demo1:rwx                   <-- This entry only appears, if you had assigned a UID in the „Unix Attributes“ tab before the home was created!
group::---
group:Domain\040Users:---
group:3000000:rwx
group:3000002:rwx
group:3000008:rwx
mask::rwx
other::---
default:user::rwx
default:user:Administrator:rwx
default:user:demo1:rwx           <-- This entry only appears, if you had assigned a UID in the „Unix Attributes“ tab before the home was created!
default:user:3000000:rwx
default:group::---
default:group:Domain\040Users:---
default:group:3000000:rwx
default:group:3000002:rwx
default:group:3000008:rwx
default:mask::rwx
default:other::---

As some of the xIDs are may not be resolved, you can search for them in the local ID mapping database of Samba for them. Example:

# ldbsearch -H /usr/local/samba/private/idmap.ldb xidNumber=3000000 dn
# record 1
dn: CN=S-1-5-32-544

# returned 1 records
# 1 entries
# 0 referrals

As the xidNumber assignment is individual on each machine, there is no general translation table. But the output of the ldbsearcch command shows that the entry with xidNumber 3000000 is assigned to the DN „S-1-5-32-544“. A list of well known security identifiers is provided by Microsoft: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/243330/en