Winbindd: Difference between revisions

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About Winbind and Samba4

Samba4 currently embeds its own Winbind implementation. Winbind is responsible for affecting an unix uid to user, gid to groups.

It is also used to list groups of a given user, to translate SID to uid/gid and many other things.

As soon as you use file server capabilities of Samba4 (for instance for serving GPO or login scripts), calls to Winbind will be made to get the user's uid (and allocate if none exists). This can be noticed by the fact that when a file is created from Windows in one of the samba4 server share you will see big numerical uid and gid.

For example:

ls /home/mat/workspace/samba/homematwsnet/sysvol/home.matws.net/Policies/\{085C0631-6142-4637-9FED-2EC5B4FB6952\}/ -l
total 0
drwxr-sr-x  4 3000008 users   4096 2010-03-05 23:31 .
drwxrwsrwx 10 3000008 3000008 4096 2010-03-05 23:31 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 3000017 users     68 2010-03-06 01:43 GPT.INI

The user interaction can be eased by the usage libnss_winbind. That's the point of the next paragraph.

Using libnss_winbind

Installing and configuring

The current installation process put the library libnss_winbind.so in <PATH_TO_SAMBA>/lib (ie. /usr/local/samba/lib). Use a current checkout as described in Samba4/HOWTO.

# ln -s /usr/local/samba/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2 /lib/libnss_winbind.so
# ln -s /lib/libnss_winbind.so /lib/libnss_winbind.so.2

If you are running on a 64-bit Linux system ("uname -i" will return "x86_64") then you need to replace /lib with /lib64, as shown below. If you do not do this, the 'wbinfo' check will work fine but the 'getent' one will not.

# ln -s /usr/local/samba/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2 /lib64/libnss_winbind.so
# ln -s /lib64/libnss_winbind.so /lib64/libnss_winbind.so.2

If you are running on a 64-bit Linux system that uses multiarch for library management such as Debian or newer Ubuntu distributions then you need to replace /lib with /lib/<tuple> You can find the value for your systems tuple by using "gcc -print-multiarch". If you do not do this, the 'wbinfo' check will work fine but the 'getent' check will fail to list domain accounts.

# gcc -print-multiarch

should return output such as:

x86_64-linux-gnu

You may then use that value to create your symbolic links to the appropriate libraries.

# ln -s /usr/local/samba/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_winbind.so
# ln -s /lib64/libnss_winbind.so /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_winbind.so.2

The next step is to instruct the system to use the nss winbind library when searching for users or groups. For this add the keyword winbind to the stanza passwd and group in /etc/nsswitch.conf.

It should look like:

passwd:          files winbind
group:           files winbind
shadow:          files
...

Use the following command to confirm that the library is loaded

# ldconfig -v | grep winbind

Note: On some systems it is the keyword compat that is used instead of files.

Testing

Check the following steps:

  • winbind is "pingable"
$ /usr/local/samba/bin/wbinfo -p 
Ping to winbindd succeeded
  • winbind is able to provide user list, you should see something like this
$ /usr/local/samba/bin/wbinfo -u
...
Administrator
...
  • getent passwd returns a password like file with entries for domain users
$ getent passwd
...
Administrator:x:0:100::/home/MATWS/Administrator:/bin/false
...
  • The id command returns information about a user
$ id Administrator
uid=0(root) gid=100(users) groupes=0(root),100(users),3000004(Group Policy Creator Owners),3000008(Domain Admins)

If all these steps are ok then the installation of libnss_winbind is successful and you can enjoy manipulating domain users uid and gid in a much more friendly way.

You can now configure pam_winbind, if you want to be able to login on the server running samba 4, for this check next paragraph.

Using pam_winbind

Installing and configuring

Ensure that you built Samba 4 with libpam0g-dev installed on your system. If not, install the PAM development libraries and re-compile Samba 4 from the ./configure.developer stage. Install pam_winbind.so in the usual place:

# ln -s /usr/local/samba/lib/security/pam_winbind.so /lib/security

Make sure you have a similar entry in smb.conf:

[global]
...
template shell = /bin/bash
...

Restart your samba 4 server so that it takes the new parameter.

Then you need to instruct pam how to use this library.

Note: The following actions can cause you not to be able to connect to your system if you do something wrong. You are invitated to make a backup of your previous configuration and to have a spare connection to the server as root to be able to restore them in case of problem.

Note2: This guide is based on the fact that the pam configuration is in /etc/pam.d/common* files which seems to be common nowdays. If it's not the case for you, you have to decline it accordingly to your configuration.

Files to modify:

  • /etc/pam.d/common-auth
Add this line before pam_unix.so:
auth  sufficient  pam_winbind.so
Also add the option use_first_pass to the pam_unix.so line
  • /etc/pam.d/common-account
Add this line before pam_unix.so:
account sufficient pam_winbind.so
  • /etc/pam.d/common-session
Add these lines before any other session line:
session required pam_mkhomedir.so
session required pam_winbind.so

Testing

  • Check that getent passwd return a correct entry:
getent passwd
...
Administrator:x:0:100::/home/MATWS/Administrator:/bin/bash
...

It's important that the shell must be a real shell (and not /bin/false).

  • Check that you can connect as a non domain user (ie. root or any other account that was used before).
  • Connect to the server using a domain account:
ssh administrator@localhost 
administrator@localhost's password: 
Linux ares 2.6.31-20-generic-pae #57-Ubuntu SMP Mon Feb 8 10:23:59 UTC 2010 i686

To access official Ubuntu documentation, please visit:
http://help.ubuntu.com/

Last login: Tue Mar  9 00:19:30 2010
root@ares:~# who
mat      tty7         2010-03-09 17:05 (:0)
Administrator pts/4        2010-03-24 16:38 (localhost)

If the latest point didn't work the option debug can be added to the modified entries in the modified pam files to help to find out what's wrong.