The Samba AD DNS Back Ends: Difference between revisions

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__TOC__
= Internal DNS =


= Introduction =
The internal DNS server is built into Samba and uses AD as backend. Also it is the default DNS solution when you provisioning/upgrading an Samba AD controller.


In an Active Directory (AD), DNS is a very important service. It is used for:
* name resolution
* locating services, such as Kerberos and LDAP
* locating local domain controllers (DC) when using AD sites. For details, see [[Active_Directory_Sites|Active Directory Sites]].


{{Imbox
| type = note
| text = All clients and server in an AD must use a DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zones.
}}


== Configuration ==


If you choosed the internal server as DNS backend for your environment, there are three options that can be added to your smb.conf to control the behavior of DNS at this point:


# Allow unsigned updates | don't allow any updates | only allow signed updates
allow dns updates = True | False | signed
# If recursive queries = yes is set, the following is also needed
dns forwarder = <ip addr of external dns server>




= Supported DNS Back Ends =


Samba supports the following DNS back ends:
== Known Issues ==


* [[Samba_Internal_DNS_Back_End|Samba Internal DNS Back End]]
The samba_dnsupdate command produces warnings when used with signed updates. We're currenly investigating a fix for the warnings, but the updates actually succeed. Client systems like samba3 or Win7 work fine.
:* Default when provisioning a new domain, joining an existing domain or migrating an NT4 domain to AD.
:* No additional software or DNS knowledge is required.
:* Use this back end for simple DNS setups. For a list of limitations, see [[Samba_Internal_DNS_Back_End#Limitations|Limitations]].


* [[BIND9_DLZ_DNS_Back_End|BIND9_DLZ DNS Back End]]
:* Requires BIND 9.8 or later installed and configured locally on the Samba Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC). For additional information, see [[Setting_up_a_BIND_DNS_Server|Setting up a BIND DNS Server]].
:* Requires knowledge about the BIND DNS server and how to configure the service.
:* Use this back end for complex DNS scenarios, you can not configure in the internal DNS.




If you are unsure which DNS back end to select during the DC installation, start with the Samba internal DNS. You can change the back end at any time. For details, see [[Changing_the_DNS_Back_End_of_a_Samba_AD_DC|Changing the DNS Back End of a Samba AD DC]].
== Tests ==


Run during make test
TDB_NO_FSYNC=1 make test TESTS=samba.tests.dns


{{Imbox
Run against external servers (Windows or BIND)
| type = important
SERVER_IP=<dns server ip> SERVER=<dns server name> REALM=<dns server domain name part> PYTHONPATH=`pwd`/bin/python ./source4/scripting/bin/subunitrun samba.tests.dns
| text = Do not use the <code>BIND9_FLATFILE</code> DNS back end. It is not supported and will be formally deprecated when 4.11.0 is released and removed at 4.12.0.
}}




= Using the Samba Internal DNS Back End =


The Samba internal DNS server can be edited and queried using [https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/current/man-html/samba-tool.8.html samba-tool]. For example,


To get a get a list of zones: <code>samba-tool dns zonelist ''server''</code>


To update a record: <code>samba-tool dns update ''server'' ''zone_name'' A|AAA|CNAME|NS|MX|SRV|TXT ''old_value'' ''new_value''</code>
= BIND DLZ plug-in (for BIND 9.8 and 9.9) =


Run <code>samba-tool dns -h</code> to see the complete list of available commands.
BIND can be setup to provide DNS resolving for zones managed in AD. They are accessable from BIND through the DLZ (dynamically loadable zones) plug-in.


= Selecting the AD Forest Root Domain =


Before you provision your Active Directory (AD), you must select a DNS zone for your AD forest root domain. For details, see [[Active_Directory_Naming_FAQ|Active Directory Naming FAQ]].


{{Imbox
== Installation / Setup ==
| type = warning
| text = Samba does not support renaming the AD forest root domain.
}}


Best practices:
See the [[Dns-backend_bind|Bind as DNS backend HowTo]] for a detailed instruction.

* Use a domain name you own.
* Use a subdomain of your domain, such as <code>ad.example.com</code>.
* Do not use <code>.local</code> domains. They can cause problems with Mac OS X and Zeroconf.

For details, see [[Active_Directory_Naming_FAQ|Active Directory Naming FAQ]].





----
[[Category:Active Directory]]
[[Category:DNS]]

Latest revision as of 18:10, 5 November 2021

Introduction

In an Active Directory (AD), DNS is a very important service. It is used for:

  • name resolution
  • locating services, such as Kerberos and LDAP
  • locating local domain controllers (DC) when using AD sites. For details, see Active Directory Sites.



Supported DNS Back Ends

Samba supports the following DNS back ends:

  • Default when provisioning a new domain, joining an existing domain or migrating an NT4 domain to AD.
  • No additional software or DNS knowledge is required.
  • Use this back end for simple DNS setups. For a list of limitations, see Limitations.
  • Requires BIND 9.8 or later installed and configured locally on the Samba Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC). For additional information, see Setting up a BIND DNS Server.
  • Requires knowledge about the BIND DNS server and how to configure the service.
  • Use this back end for complex DNS scenarios, you can not configure in the internal DNS.


If you are unsure which DNS back end to select during the DC installation, start with the Samba internal DNS. You can change the back end at any time. For details, see Changing the DNS Back End of a Samba AD DC.



Using the Samba Internal DNS Back End

The Samba internal DNS server can be edited and queried using samba-tool. For example,

To get a get a list of zones: samba-tool dns zonelist server

To update a record: samba-tool dns update server zone_name A|AAA|CNAME|NS|MX|SRV|TXT old_value new_value

Run samba-tool dns -h to see the complete list of available commands.

Selecting the AD Forest Root Domain

Before you provision your Active Directory (AD), you must select a DNS zone for your AD forest root domain. For details, see Active Directory Naming FAQ.

Best practices:

  • Use a domain name you own.
  • Use a subdomain of your domain, such as ad.example.com.
  • Do not use .local domains. They can cause problems with Mac OS X and Zeroconf.

For details, see Active Directory Naming FAQ.



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