Setting up a BIND DNS Server: Difference between revisions
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= Introduction = |
= Introduction = |
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If you are planning to set up a Samba Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC) using the <code>BIND9_DLZ</code> back end, you have to install and configure the BIND DNS server first. |
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This HowTo describes how to compile and configure a basic BIND installation, that can be used as Samba DC DNS backend. Skip this guide if you already have an existing BIND installation that can be used as a Samba AD backend. |
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The following describes how to set up a basic BIND installation you can use as Samba AD DC back end. |
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If you need to setup a more complex DNS setup than what is possible with the Samba 4 internal DNS, then using BIND as the DNS backend is recommended. |
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= Installing BIND = |
= Installing BIND = |
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For a list of supported BIND versions, see [[BIND9_DLZ_DNS_Back_End#Configuring_the_BIND9_DLZ_Module|Configuring the BIND9_DLZ module]]. |
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The use of BIND as a backend for your Samba Active Directory Domain Controller is currently only supported in versions 9.8 and 9.9. Users of bind 9.7 are strongly encouraged to upgrade! If this is not possible, refer to the section [[Configure_BIND_as_Backend_for_Samba_AD#BIND_9.7_2|DNS dynamic updates via Kerberos for BIND 9.7]] for instructions on configuring BIND 9.7. |
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{{Imbox |
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If you install BIND from the repositories of your distribution, you can skip the following two steps, but make sure that it was compiled with the '--with-gssapi' and '--with-dlopen' options (see below) before using it as the Samba AD DNS backend. |
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| type = note |
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| text = You can not run BIND in a changed root environment, because the <code>BIND9_DLZ</code> must be able to access the Samba Active Directory (AD) database files directly. |
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}} |
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== |
== Package Installation == |
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Installing BIND using packages provided with your distribution is the recommended way. Select this installation mode for an easy installation and to automatically receive updates when available. For details how to install packages, see the distribution's package manager documentation. |
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Download your desired and Samba 4 supported version from [https://www.isc.org/software/bind https://www.isc.org/software/bind]. |
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Make sure that your package provider compiled BIND using the following options: |
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* <code>--with-gssapi=yes</code> or <code>--with-gssapi=/usr</code> (or similar) for secure dynamic DNS updates using Kerberos |
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* <code>--with-dlopen</code> dynamically loadable zones (DLZ) |
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{{Imbox |
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| type = note |
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| text = Later versions of Bind9.9.x have the <code>--with-dlopen</code> option builtin and is not shown by the following command. This happened around Bind 9.9.4 |
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}} |
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To list the build options: |
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== Compiling BIND == |
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# named -V |
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BIND 9.x.y built with ... '--with-dlopen=yes' '--with-gssapi=yes' ... |
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To use BIND 9.8.1 or later as Samba AD backend, at least the following two configure options are required: |
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== Compiling and Installing BIND == |
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Use this installation mode if you are an advanced user and know how to compile software. |
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=== Downloading the Sources === |
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Download a supported BIND version from https://www.isc.org/software/bind. |
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=== Compiling BIND === |
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* Pass at least the following parameters to the <code>configure</code> command: |
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# ./configure --with-gssapi=/usr/include/gssapi --with-dlopen=yes |
# ./configure --with-gssapi=/usr/include/gssapi --with-dlopen=yes |
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: Add further parameters, if required. |
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Please check if there are other options you require for your environment. If you are building BIND 9.8.0, you must use '--with-dlz-dlopen=yes' instead of '--with-dlopen=yes'. |
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To build and install: |
* To build and install, run: |
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# make |
# make |
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=== Adding a User and Group for BIND === |
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= Configuration = |
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For security reasons, do not run BIND as <code>root</code> user. |
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== Setting up a basic named.conf == |
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To create a <code>named</code> group using GID <code>25</code>: |
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The following example is a basic 'named.conf' for a pure minimal BIND installation without any Samba AD parts. We will add the Samba required parameters later. |
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# |
# groupadd -g 25 named |
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# Global BIND configuration options |
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To create a <code>named</code> account with UID <code>25</code>, primary group <code>named</code>, home directory <code>/var/named/</code>, and without a valid shell: |
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# useradd -u 25 -g named -d /var/named -M -s /sbin/nologin named |
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For details, see the <code>useradd (8)</code> and <code>groupadd (8)</code> man page. |
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= Configuring BIND = |
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== Setting up a named.conf file == |
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To locate the directory, BIND uses to read the <code>named.conf</code> file: |
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# named -V |
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BIND 9.x.y built with ... '--sysconfdir=/etc' ... |
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In the previous example, BIND reads the configuration from the <code>/etc/named.conf</code> file. |
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The following is a basic configuration file: |
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# Global Configuration Options |
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options { |
options { |
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empty-zones-enable no; |
empty-zones-enable no; |
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# IP addresses and network ranges allowed to query the DNS server: |
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allow-query { |
allow-query { |
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127.0.0.1; |
127.0.0.1; |
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10. |
10.99.1.0/24; |
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# add other networks you want to allow to query your DNS |
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}; |
}; |
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# IP addresses and network ranges allowed to run recursive queries: |
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# (Zones not served by this DNS server) |
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allow-recursion { |
allow-recursion { |
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127.0.0.1; |
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10.1.1.0/24; |
10.1.1.0/24; |
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# add other networks you want to allow to do recursive queries |
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}; |
}; |
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# Forward queries that can not be answered from own zones |
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# to these DNS servers: |
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forwarders { |
forwarders { |
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# Google public DNS server here - replace with your own if necessary |
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8.8.8.8; |
8.8.8.8; |
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8.8.4.4; |
8.8.4.4; |
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}; |
}; |
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# Disable zone transfers |
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allow-transfer { |
allow-transfer { |
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# this config is for a single master DNS server |
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none; |
none; |
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}; |
}; |
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}; |
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# Root Servers |
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}; |
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# (Required for recursive DNS queries) |
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# Root servers (required zone for recursive queries) |
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zone "." { |
zone "." { |
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type hint; |
type hint; |
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}; |
}; |
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# |
# localhost zone |
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zone "localhost" { |
zone "localhost" { |
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type master; |
type master; |
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}; |
}; |
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# 127.0.0. zone. |
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zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" { |
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" { |
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type master; |
type master; |
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}; |
}; |
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For details about the used parameters and options, see the <code>named.conf (5)</code> man page. |
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We chose '/var/named' as directory in 'named.conf' to be the place where our zonefiles, etc. reside. If you want to place them on a different location, please regard this in all further instructions. |
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The previous example does not contain the <code>BIND9_DLZ</code> configuration required for setting up a Samba AD DNS server. For details how to set up the module, see [[BIND9_DLZ_DNS_Back_End|BIND9_DLZ DNS Back End]]. |
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For more details on the parameters used in the sample 'named.conf', see 'man 5 named.conf'. |
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{{Imbox |
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| type = important |
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| text = You must not add the AD domain forward or reverse zone records to the named.conf files, these zones are stored dynamically in AD. |
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}} |
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== Adding a user and group for BIND == |
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== Downloading the DNS Root Servers List == |
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If you don't want to run bind as root (and I'm sure you don't want that!), we add an account and group. |
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* Download the latest list of the DNS root servers to the <code>/var/named/named.root</code> file: |
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First check if we have an existing `named` group: |
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# wget -q -O /var/named/named.root http://www.internic.net/zones/named.root |
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# getent group|grep named |
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* Enable the BIND user to read the root servers list: |
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# |
# chown root:named /var/named/named.root |
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# |
# chmod 640 /var/named/named.root |
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{{Imbox |
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| type = note |
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| text = Optionally, set up a Cron job to automatically update the file. |
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}} |
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== Getting the root name server list == |
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== Creating the localhost Zone File == |
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Download the root name server list from InterNIC: |
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* Create the <code>localhost</code> forward zone in the <code>/var/named/master/localhost.zone</code> file: |
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# wget -q -O /var/named/named.root http://www.internic.net/zones/named.root |
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# chown named:named /var/named/named.root |
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To have always the current file, you can add a cronjob to automatically download. |
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== Creating the localhost zone file == |
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Create a forward zone file ('/var/named/master/localhost.zone') for your 'localhost' zone: |
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$TTL 3D |
$TTL 3D |
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IN A 127.0.0.1 |
IN A 127.0.0.1 |
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* Enable the BIND user to read the zone file: |
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# chown named:named /var/named/master/localhost.zone |
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# chmod 640 /var/named/master/localhost.zone |
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== Creating the 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa zone file == |
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== Creating the 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa Zone File == |
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* Create the <code>0.0.127.in-addr.arpa</code> reverse zone in the <code>/var/named/master/0.0.127.zone</code> file: |
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$TTL 3D |
$TTL 3D |
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* Enable the BIND user to read the zone file: |
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# chown named:named /var/named/master/0.0.127.zone |
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== Set permissions on the zone files == |
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# chmod 640 /var/named/master/0.0.127.zone |
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# chown named:named /var/named/master/*.zone |
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# chmod 640 /var/named/master/*.zone |
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= Starting the Daemon = |
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To start the BIND daemon as the <code>named</code> user, run |
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= Starting BIND = |
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# named -u named |
# named -u named |
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Alternatively, use your operating system tools, such as <code>systemctl</code> or <code>service</code>, to start the daemon. See you distribution's documentation for details. |
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If the configuration is valid, you should see no errors on the console and in the system logfile. |
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{{Imbox |
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To have BIND automatically started at boot time, it's recommended to create a init.d script or start it by systemd. |
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| type = note |
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| text = Enable the daemon to start automatically when the system boots. For details, see your distribution's documentation. |
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}} |
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= Testing Your Zones = |
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The following examples query the DNS service on the local machine (<code>127.0.0.1</code>): |
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= Testing your zone = |
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To test the <code>localhost</code> forward zone: |
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Now we will try to lookup our zone entries. We tell the 'host' command to use the resolver on 127.0.0.1, so that we don't query a foreign DNS server that is also configured in '/etc/resolv.conf'. |
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# host -t A localhost 127.0.0.1 |
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First check the forward lookup for 'localhost': |
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# host localhost. 127.0.0.1 |
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Using domain server: |
Using domain server: |
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Name: 127.0.0.1 |
Name: 127.0.0.1 |
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Address: 127.0.0.1#53 |
Address: 127.0.0.1#53 |
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Aliases: |
Aliases: |
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localhost has address 127.0.0.1 |
localhost has address 127.0.0.1 |
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To test the <code>0.0.127.in-addr.arpa</code> reverse zone: |
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And then the reverse lookup for '127.0.0.1': |
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# host 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 |
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# host -t PTR 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 |
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Using domain server: |
Using domain server: |
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Name: 127.0.0.1 |
Name: 127.0.0.1 |
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Address: 127.0.0.1#53 |
Address: 127.0.0.1#53 |
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Aliases: |
Aliases: |
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1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer localhost. |
1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer localhost. |
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= Configuring BIND as Samba Active Directory backend = |
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= Configuring the BIND9_DLZ module = |
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See [[Configure_BIND_as_backend_for_Samba_AD|Configure BIND as backend for Samba AD]]. |
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For details, see See [[BIND9_DLZ_DNS_Back_End|BIND9_DLZ DNS Back End]]. |
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---- |
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[[Category:Active Directory]] |
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[[Category:DNS]] |
Revision as of 18:26, 2 January 2018
Introduction
If you are planning to set up a Samba Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC) using the BIND9_DLZ
back end, you have to install and configure the BIND DNS server first.
The following describes how to set up a basic BIND installation you can use as Samba AD DC back end.
Installing BIND
For a list of supported BIND versions, see Configuring the BIND9_DLZ module.
You can not run BIND in a changed root environment, because the BIND9_DLZ must be able to access the Samba Active Directory (AD) database files directly. |
Package Installation
Installing BIND using packages provided with your distribution is the recommended way. Select this installation mode for an easy installation and to automatically receive updates when available. For details how to install packages, see the distribution's package manager documentation.
Make sure that your package provider compiled BIND using the following options:
--with-gssapi=yes
or--with-gssapi=/usr
(or similar) for secure dynamic DNS updates using Kerberos--with-dlopen
dynamically loadable zones (DLZ)
Later versions of Bind9.9.x have the --with-dlopen option builtin and is not shown by the following command. This happened around Bind 9.9.4 |
To list the build options:
# named -V BIND 9.x.y built with ... '--with-dlopen=yes' '--with-gssapi=yes' ...
Compiling and Installing BIND
Use this installation mode if you are an advanced user and know how to compile software.
Downloading the Sources
Download a supported BIND version from https://www.isc.org/software/bind.
Compiling BIND
- Pass at least the following parameters to the
configure
command:
# ./configure --with-gssapi=/usr/include/gssapi --with-dlopen=yes
- Add further parameters, if required.
- To build and install, run:
# make # make install
Adding a User and Group for BIND
For security reasons, do not run BIND as root
user.
To create a named
group using GID 25
:
# groupadd -g 25 named
To create a named
account with UID 25
, primary group named
, home directory /var/named/
, and without a valid shell:
# useradd -u 25 -g named -d /var/named -M -s /sbin/nologin named
For details, see the useradd (8)
and groupadd (8)
man page.
Configuring BIND
Setting up a named.conf file
To locate the directory, BIND uses to read the named.conf
file:
# named -V BIND 9.x.y built with ... '--sysconfdir=/etc' ...
In the previous example, BIND reads the configuration from the /etc/named.conf
file.
The following is a basic configuration file:
# Global Configuration Options options { auth-nxdomain yes; directory "/var/named"; notify no; empty-zones-enable no; # IP addresses and network ranges allowed to query the DNS server: allow-query { 127.0.0.1; 10.99.1.0/24; }; # IP addresses and network ranges allowed to run recursive queries: # (Zones not served by this DNS server) allow-recursion { 127.0.0.1; 10.1.1.0/24; }; # Forward queries that can not be answered from own zones # to these DNS servers: forwarders { 8.8.8.8; 8.8.4.4; }; # Disable zone transfers allow-transfer { none; }; }; # Root Servers # (Required for recursive DNS queries) zone "." { type hint; file "named.root"; }; # localhost zone zone "localhost" { type master; file "master/localhost.zone"; }; # 127.0.0. zone. zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "master/0.0.127.zone"; };
For details about the used parameters and options, see the named.conf (5)
man page.
The previous example does not contain the BIND9_DLZ
configuration required for setting up a Samba AD DNS server. For details how to set up the module, see BIND9_DLZ DNS Back End.
You must not add the AD domain forward or reverse zone records to the named.conf files, these zones are stored dynamically in AD. |
Downloading the DNS Root Servers List
- Download the latest list of the DNS root servers to the
/var/named/named.root
file:
# wget -q -O /var/named/named.root http://www.internic.net/zones/named.root
- Enable the BIND user to read the root servers list:
# chown root:named /var/named/named.root # chmod 640 /var/named/named.root
Optionally, set up a Cron job to automatically update the file. |
Creating the localhost Zone File
- Create the
localhost
forward zone in the/var/named/master/localhost.zone
file:
$TTL 3D $ORIGIN localhost. @ 1D IN SOA @ root ( 2013050101 ; serial 8H ; refresh 2H ; retry 4W ; expiry 1D ; minimum ) @ IN NS @ IN A 127.0.0.1
- Enable the BIND user to read the zone file:
# chown named:named /var/named/master/localhost.zone # chmod 640 /var/named/master/localhost.zone
Creating the 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa Zone File
- Create the
0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
reverse zone in the/var/named/master/0.0.127.zone
file:
$TTL 3D @ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. ( 2013050101 ; Serial 8H ; Refresh 2H ; Retry 4W ; Expire 1D ; Minimum TTL ) IN NS localhost. 1 IN PTR localhost.
- Enable the BIND user to read the zone file:
# chown named:named /var/named/master/0.0.127.zone # chmod 640 /var/named/master/0.0.127.zone
Starting the Daemon
To start the BIND daemon as the named
user, run
# named -u named
Alternatively, use your operating system tools, such as systemctl
or service
, to start the daemon. See you distribution's documentation for details.
Enable the daemon to start automatically when the system boots. For details, see your distribution's documentation. |
Testing Your Zones
The following examples query the DNS service on the local machine (127.0.0.1
):
To test the localhost
forward zone:
# host -t A localhost 127.0.0.1 Using domain server: Name: 127.0.0.1 Address: 127.0.0.1#53 Aliases: localhost has address 127.0.0.1
To test the 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
reverse zone:
# host -t PTR 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Using domain server: Name: 127.0.0.1 Address: 127.0.0.1#53 Aliases: 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer localhost.
Configuring the BIND9_DLZ module
For details, see See BIND9_DLZ DNS Back End.