Setting up Samba as an Active Directory Domain Controller: Difference between revisions

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=== ldapcmp ===
=== ldapcmp ===


Location: source4/scripting/devel/ldapcmp
Location: source4/scripting/devel/ldapcmp


* What is it?
* What is it?

Revision as of 12:11, 5 May 2010

Samba4 HOWTO

tridge@samba.org, December 2004

Updates:

 asn@redhat.com, December 2009
 tridge@samba.org, February 2010 (for alpha12)

This is a very basic document on how to setup a simple Samba4 server. This is aimed at people who are already familiar with Samba3 and wish to participate in Samba4 development or test the alpha releases of Samba4. This is not aimed at general production use of Samba4, although some brave sites are running Samba4 in production based on these instructions.

Video demonstrations of this HOWTO

A set of demonstration videos is available that may provide a useful overview of this contents of this HOWTO

A note on alpha versions

Samba4 is developing very rapidly. This HOWTO has recently been updates to reflect the changes made in February 2010 in preparation for the Samba4-alpha12 release. As of today, the alpha12 release has not been done, although we expect it to be made soon. To completely follow these instructions you will need a up to date git version of Samba4, checked out on February 26th 2010 or later.

Step 1: Download Samba4

If you have downloaded the Samba4 code via a tarball released from the samba.org website, Step 1 has already been completed for you. For testing with the version released in the tarball, you may continue on to Step 2.

Note that the references below to the top-level directory named "samba-master" will instead be based on the name of the tarball downloaded (e.g. "samba-4.0.0alpha11" for the tarball samba-4.0.0alpha11.tar.gz). Also note that in the "master" branch the samba4 code is located in in the "source4/" subdirectory (it was in "source/" subdirectory in the "v4-0-test" branch).

There are 2 methods of doing this:

  • via git
  • via rsync

Both methods will create a directory called "samba-master" in the current directory. If you don't have rsync or git then install one of them.

If you have a choice, we strongly recommend using the git method for downloading Samba, as it makes getting updates easier, and also allows you to integrate test patches from Samba developers more easily in case of problems.

git

 $ git clone git://git.samba.org/samba.git samba-master; cd samba-master

If you want to update the tree to the latest version run:

 $ git pull

rsync

 $ rsync -avz samba.org::ftp/unpacked/samba_4_0_test/ samba-master

Note that the above rsync command will give you a checked out git repository, but it's is missing all git objects. To turn it into a working git repository you need to do the following steps:

 $ cd samba-master/
 $ rm .git/objects/info/alternates
 $ rm .git/refs/tags/*
 $ rm -r .git/refs/remotes/
 $ git config remote.origin.url git://git.samba.org/samba.git
 $ git config --add remote.origin.fetch +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/* (this line is optional)
 $ git fetch

Note you can ignore this error from git fetch: error: refs/heads/master does not point to a valid object!

Also note that the git fetch will download the complete git history (about 160 MB with all the tags and about 125 MB without old tags).

You can update it to the latest version at some future date using:

 $ git pull


Step 2: Compile Samba4

Recommended optional development libraries:

  • acl and xattr development libraries (libattr1-dev package in Debian/Ubuntu)
  • blkid development libraries (libblkid-dev package in Debian/Ubuntu)
  • gnutls (libgnutls-dev package in Debian/Ubuntu)
  • readline (libreadline5-dev package in Debian/Ubuntu)
  • Python development libraries (python-dev in Debian/Ubuntu) required to compile
  • Autoconf for autogen.

Combined For Debian:

$ apt-get install build-essential libattr1-dev libblkid-dev libgnutls-dev libreadline5-dev python-dev autoconf python-dnspython

For Fedora:

$ yum install libacl-devel libblkid-devel gnutls-devel readline-devel python-devel

Since only released versions of Samba contain a pre-generated configure script, you will have to generate it by hand if you downloaded the source with rsync or git:

$ cd samba-master/source4
$ ./autogen.sh

Run this:

 $ cd samba-master/source4
 $ ./configure.developer
 $ make idl_full
 $ make

The above command will setup Samba4 to install in /usr/local/samba. If you want Samba to install somewhere else then you should use the --prefix option to configure.developer.

The reason we recommend using configure.developer rather than configure for Samba4 alpha releases is that it will include extra debug information that will help us diagnose problems in case of failures. It will also allow you to run the various builtin automatic tests.

After building Samba, we recommend that you run

 $ make quicktest

That will run a short (approximately 2 minute) set of tests to validate your build of Samba. While we try to be careful to ensure that all builds of Samba in the git repository are usable, sometimes a bug slips through, and 'make quicktest' is a fast way of checking that your build passes basic tests.

The output of 'make quicktest' should end in a "ALL OK" message. If it doesn't, then please ask on the samba-technical mailing list or the #samba-technical IRC channel.

Step 3: Install Samba4

Run this as a user who have permission to write to the install directory (which defaults to /usr/local/samba). Use --prefix option to configure.developer above to change this.

 $ make install

For the rest of this HOWTO we will assume that you have installed Samba4 in the default location, which is /usr/local/samba.

Step 4: Provision Samba4

The "provision" step sets up a basic user database, and is used when you are setting up your Samba4 server in its own domain. If you instead want to setup your Samba4 server as an additional domain controller in an existing domain, then please see the separate page on Samba4 joining a domain.

In the following examples we will assume your DNS domain name is 'samdom.example.com' and your short (also known as NT4) domain name is 'samdom'. We will assume that your Samba servers hostname is sambaserver.

It must be run as a user with permission to write to the install directory (which means you may need to run this command with sudo)

 $ cd samba-master/source4
 $ ./setup/provision --realm=samdom.example.com --domain=SAMDOM --adminpass=SOMEPASSWORD --server-role='domain controller'

If you get an error like this:

tdb_open_ex: could not open file /usr/local/samba/private/sam.ldb.d/DC=SAMDOM,DC=EXAMPLE,DC=COM. ldb: Permission denied

then you need to rerun with sudo

Troubleshooting note: you may need to rm the smb.conf file if you failed to pass valid names and provision previously failed

There are many other options you can pass to the 'provision' command, run it with the --help option to see a list of them.

Step 5: Starting Samba4

If you are planning to run Samba4 as a production server, then just run the "samba" binary as root

 # samba

That will run Samba4 in 'standard' mode, which is suitable for production use. Samba4 alpha12 doesn't yet have init scripts included for each platform, but making one for your platform should not be difficult.

If you are running Samba4 as a developer you may find the following more useful:

 # samba -i -M single

that means start "samba" with messages in stdout, and running a single process. That mode of operation makes debugging "samba" with gdb particularly easy. If you want to launch it under gdb, then the following example could be useful:

 $ sudo gdb --args bin/samba -i -M single

Note that if you are running any Samba3 smbd or nmbd processes they need to be stopped before starting "samba" from Samba 4.

Make sure you put the bin and sbin directories from your new install in your $PATH or you may end up running the wrong version. You can see what version you have by running "samba -V".

Note: in older developer versions of samba4 "samba" was still called "smbd".

Step 6: Testing Samba4

smbclient

Try this command:

 $ smbclient -L localhost -U%

That should show you a list of shares available on your server. For example:

       Sharename       Type       Comment
       ---------       ----       -------
       test            Disk
       netlogon        Disk
       sysvol          Disk
       IPC$            IPC        IPC Service (Samba 4.0.0alpha12-GIT-5e755e9)
       ADMIN$          Disk       DISK Service (Samba 4.0.0alpha12-GIT-5e755e9)

The 'netlogon' and 'sysvol' shares are basic shares needed for Active Directory server operation.

To test that authentication is working, you should try to connect to the netlogon share using the administrator password you set earlier.

 $ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -Uadministrator%PASSWORD

You should get a "smb>" prompt, and access to your netlogon directory.

ldapcmp

  Location: source4/scripting/devel/ldapcmp
  • What is it?

Latest improvements to the already committed in Samba4 LDAP comparison tool that is meant to be used for testing LDAP replicating DCs no matter if they are Samba4, Windows AD or mixed. However it had the capacity to compare attributed of objects in DCs which are in different domains.

  • What are the restrictions?

1. It works only via LDAP (for now) so you must have LDAP servers that are up and accessible at port 389. This will be improved by having it connect to Ldb file or export/use LDIF file instead of live LDAP connection.

2. It compares values of attributes of objects returned only by wild-card search so no hidden attributes are processed.

3. There are certain amount of attributes being ignored explicitly in the script source that have always different values on corresponding objects in two separate DCs. This will be improved by additional switch for including all attributes no matter which they are and reporting excluded by default.

  • How to use?

1. Compare all attributes for all objects in the Default Naming Context:

# ./scripting/devel/ldapcmp --host=10.x.x.x --username=administrator@test.domain --password=secretXX \
                            --host2=10.x.x.x --username2=administrator@test1.domain --password2=XsecretXX DOMAIN

A neat trick (working for now on Samba4) is that you can do searches anonymously so if DCs are Samba4 it looks like:

# ./scripting/devel/ldapcmp --host=10.x.x.x --host2=10.x.x.x DOMAIN

Step 7 Create a share in smb.conf

The provisioning will create a very simple smb.conf with no shares by default. For the server to be useful you will need to update it to have at least one share. For example:

 [test]
       path = /data/test
       read only = no

Note that in current alpha versions of Samba4 you need to restart Samba to make new shares visible. This will be fixed in a future release.

Step 8 Configure DNS

A working DNS setup is essential to the correct operation of Samba4. Without the right DNS entries, kerberos won't work, which in turn means that many of the basic features of Samba4 won't work.

It is worth spending some extra time to ensure your DNS setup is just right, as debugging problems caused by mis-configured DNS can take a lot of time later on.

The simplest way to get a working DNS setup for Samba4 is to start with the DNS zone and configuration files that are created by the 'provision' step above. If you look in /usr/local/samba/private directory, you'll find a file called 'named.conf' and another one called samdom.example.com.zone (adjusted for your real DNS domain name of course!).

Assuming your have a bind9 DNS server installed, you can activate the configuration that the provision has created by adding a line like this to /etc/bind/named.conf.local:

 include "/usr/local/samba/private/named.conf";

After adding that line you should restart your bind server and check in the system logs for any problems.

One common problem is that many modern Linux distributions activate 'Apparmor' or 'SELinux' by default, and these may be configured to deny access to bind for your the named.conf and zone files created in the provision. If your bind logs show that bind is getting a access denied error accessing these files then please see your local system documentation for how to enable access to these files in bind (hint: for Apparmor systems such as Ubuntu, the command aa-logprof may be useful).

Now you need to test that DNS is working correctly. Check that your /etc/resolv.conf is pointing correctly at your local DNS server, then run the following commands:

 $ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com.
 _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 blu.samdom.example.com.
 $ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com.
 _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 blu.samdom.example.com.
 $ host -t A sambaserver.samdom.example.com.
 sambaserver.samdom.example.com has address 10.0.0.1

Check that you get answers similar to the ones above (adjusted for your DNS domain name and hostname). If you get any errors then carefully check your system logs to find and fix the problem.

  • Note: One of the problems I've had on Debian system is that the zone autogeneration always detects, and uses, 127.0.1.1 as the domain controller's IP address. That works fine until you 1) Don't have a 127.0.1.1 interface on the machine or 2) Go to join your first client to the domain. In /usr/local/samba/private/named.conf you might need to change 127.0.1.1 to reflect the actual IP address of the server you're setting up.

Step 9: Testing kerberos

Once DNS is working, you should test that kerberos server builtin to Samba4 is working correctly. The easiest test is to use the kinit command like this:

 $ kinit administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
 Password:

Note:

You have to give your 'domain realm SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM' in uppercase letters to kinit.

The kinit should completely successfully. After it completes you can examine the received ticket like this:

 $ klist -e
 Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_1000
 Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
 
 Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
 02/10/10 19:39:48  02/11/10 19:39:46  krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
       Etype (skey, tkt): ArcFour with HMAC/md5, ArcFour with HMAC/md5

If you find you don't have kinit or klist, you may need to install them. On debian based systems (such as Ubuntu) the packages are called krb5-config and krb5-user.

You can also test kerberos form a remote client, just make sure you have configure the krb5.conf and the resolve.conf to point to the domain controller IP address.

Note:

If you are using a client behind NAT then you have to add the following to the krb5.conf on the domain controller server:
 [kdc]
      check-ticket-addresses = false

Step 10 Configure kerberos DNS dynamic updates

If you have a current version of bind9 (tested with bind version 9.6.1 on Ubuntu), then the current Samba4 git tree will automatically setup and configure a file called /usr/local/samba/private/named.conf.update, which you can include in your master named.conf to allow Samba/Kerberos DNS updates to automatically take place. Be advised that if you include this file in Bind versions that don't support it, Bind will fail to start.

You additionally need to set two environment variables for bind9:

 KEYTAB_FILE="/usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab"
 KRB5_KTNAME="/usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab"
 export KEYTAB_FILE
 export KRB5_KTNAME

These should be put in your settings file for bind9. On Debian based systems this is in /etc/default/bind9. On RedHat derived systems it is in /etc/sysconfig/named. Strictly speaking you only either need KEYTAB_FILE or KRB5_KTNAME, but which you need depends on your distro, so it's easier to just set both.

The way the automatic DNS update in Samba works is that the provision will create a file /usr/local/samba/private/dns_update_list, which contains a list of DNS entries that Samba will try to dynamically update at startup and every 10 minutes thereafter. Updates will only happen if the DNS entries do not already exist.

If you want to debug this process, then please run this as root:

/usr/local/samba/sbin/samba_dnsupdate --verbose

that will give you more information on the updates that Samba is doing at runtime, and show you any errors that are generated.

If you are joining Samba4 to an existing Windows DNS domain, or you are using a Windows DNS server instead of bind9, then you may need some patches to bind9 that fix the nsupdate command to correctly work with recent versions of Windows. These patches are in examples/bind9-patches in the current Samba4 source tree. The patches have also been submitted upstream to the bind9 developers for inclusion in a future release. If you don't apply these patches then recent Windows clients (such as Windows7 and Win2K8) won't be able to do dynamic DNS updates to your bind9 server, and bind9 won't be able to do dynamic DNS updates against a Windows DNS server.

Now you have to ensure that bind can read the dns.keytab file, the named.conf file and the zone file. It also needs to be able to write the zone file. The Samba provision tries to setup the permissions correctly for these files, but you may find you need to make changes in your Apparmor or SELinux configuration if you are running either of those. If you are using Apparmor then the aa-logprof command may help you add any missing permissions you need to add after you start Samba and bind9 for the first time after configuring them.

You should also carefully check the permissions on the private/dns directory to ensure it is writable by bind.

On some systems you may also find that you need to symlink the dns.keytab file as /etc/krb5.keytab, as bind may not honor the environment variables for the location of this file.

NOTE about filesystem support

To use the advanced features of Samba4 you need a filesystem that supports both the "user" and "system" xattr namespaces.

If you run Linux with a 2.6 kernel and ext3 this means you need to include the option "user_xattr" in your /etc/fstab. For example:

/dev/hda3 /home ext3 user_xattr 1 1

You also need to compile your kernel with the XATTR and SECURITY options for your filesystem. For ext3 that means you need:

  CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR=y
  CONFIG_EXT3_FS_SECURITY=y

If you are running a Linux 2.6 kernel with CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC defined you can check this with the following command:

  $ zgrep CONFIG_EXT3_FS /proc/config.gz

If you don't have a filesystem with xattr support, then you can simulate it by using the option:

  posix:eadb = /usr/local/samba/eadb.tdb

that will place all extra file attributes (NT ACLs, DOS EAs, streams etc), in that tdb. It is not efficient, and doesn't scale well, but at least it gives you a choice when you don't have a modern filesystem.

Testing your filesystem

To test your filesystem support, install the 'attr' package and run the following 4 commands as root:

 # touch test.txt
 # setfattr -n user.test -v test test.txt
 # setfattr -n security.test -v test2 test.txt
 # getfattr -d test.txt
 # getfattr -n security.test -d test.txt

You should see output like this:

 # file: test.txt
 user.test="test"
 # file: test.txt
 security.test="test2"

If you get any "Operation not supported" errors then it means your kernel is not configured correctly, or your filesystem is not mounted with the right options.

If you get any "Operation not permitted" errors then it probably means you didn't try the test as root.

If you are using the posix:eadb option then you don't need to test your filesystem in this manner.

Configure a Windows Client to join a Samba 4 Active Directory

Active Directory is a powerful administration service which enables an administrator to centrally manage a network of Windows 2000, Windows XP Pro, Windows 2003, and Windows Vista Business Edition effectively. To test the real Samba 4 capability, we use Windows XP Pro as testing environment (Windows XP Home doesn't include Active Directory functionality and won't work).

To allow Samba 4 Active Directory or Microsoft Active Directory to manage a computer, we need to join the computer into the active directory. It involves:

  1. Configuring DNS Setting
  2. Configuring date/time and time zone
  3. Joining the domain

Step 1: Configure DNS Setting for Windows

Before we configure the DNS setting, verify that you are able to ping the Server's IP Address. If you are not able to ping the server, double check your IP address, firewall, routing, etc.

Once you have verified network connectivity between the Samba server and client,

  1. Right Click My Network Places -> Properties
  2. Double click local area network->Properties
  3. Double click tcp/ip
  4. Use static dns server, add the Samba 4 server's ip address inside the primary dns server column. Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/dnsclient.jpg
  5. Press ok, ok, ok again until finished.
  6. Open a command prompt, type 'ping servername.your.realm' (change to suit your custom realm per your provision)

If you get replies, then it means your Windows XP settings are correct (for DNS) and Samba4 Server's DNS services is working as well.

Step 2: Configure date/time and time zone

Active Directory uses Kerberos as the backend for authentication. Kerberos requires that the system clock on the client and server be synchronized to within a few seconds of each other. If they are not synchronized, authentication will fail for apparently no reason.

  1. Change the timezone in Windows XP Pro so that server and client using same time zone. In my computer, I use Asia/Kuala_Lumpur (I come from Malaysia).Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/timezone.jpg
  2. Change the date/time so the client have same HH:MM with the server Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/time.jpg

Step 3: Joining the Windows client into domain

Now your Windows is ready to join the Active Directory (AD) domain,

As administrator:-

  1. Right Click my Computer-> Properties
  2. Choose Computer Name, click change..
  3. Click option 'Domain', insert YOUR.REALM (if you failed, try YOURDOM)(Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/joindomain.jpg
  4. When it request username/password, type administrator as username, SOMEPASSWORD as password (per your earlier provision).
  5. It will tell you the Windows XP has successfully join into Active Directory Domain, and you need to restart.
  6. After restart, you should get the normal domain logon dialog
  7. Choose domain YOURDOM, insert username administrator as username, SOMEPASSWORD as password (again, per your earlier provision)
  8. If you login successfully, then you able to enjoy samba 4 active directory services at next section.

Viewing Samba 4 Active Directory object from Windows XP Pro

We need install windows 2003 adminpak into windows XP in order to use GUI tools to manage the domain. Before begin, make sure the domain administrator have administrative right to control your computer.(To give any user administrative right, in Windows XP Pro, right click my computer, press manage-> choose groups-> double click administrators and add members from domain into the member list. During you add member from active directory as member, it will prompt you to enter active directory username/password).

Step 1: Installing Windows Remote Administration Tools onto Windows

Windows7

Download the Windows Remote Administration Tools from

 http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=7D2F6AD7-656B-4313-A005-4E344E43997D&displaylang=en

and follow the "Install RSAT" instructions

Vista

Download the Windows Remote Administration Tools from

 http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=9FF6E897-23CE-4A36-B7FC-D52065DE9960&displaylang=en

and follow the "Install RSAT" instruction described at

 http://support.microsoft.com/kb/941314

Windows XP Pro

  1. In Windows XP, download adminpak and supporttools from
 http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=c16ae515-c8f4-47ef-a1e4-a8dcbacff8e3&displaylang=en
 http://download.microsoft.com/download/3/e/4/3e438f5e-24ef-4637-abd1-981341d349c7/WindowsServer2003-KB892777-SupportTools-x86-ENU.exe

  1. Run through the installation.
  2. Press start->run, type 'dsa.msc', if a window 'active directory users and computers' prompt up, it mean you had install adminpak it successfully. You can also find this at Start>Programs>Administrative Tools, which should have a lot more items now.
  3. Go to c:\Program Files\Support Tools to check whether the support tools were installed correctly; if yes, then your XP workstation is ready to manage the Samba 4 Active Directory.

Step 2: Viewing samba 4 active directory content

  1. Login as domain 'testing1.org' administrator, press start->run.
  2. type dsa.msc
  1. Expand the testing1.org tree to see existing object in domain. Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/dsa.msc.jpg

Managing Samba 4 Active Directory From Windows XP Pro

One of Samba4's goals is to integrate with (and replace) Active Directory as a system. At this point, if everything has worked correctly you should have an "Administrative Tools" menu under Programs. If, under Administrative Tools you have "Active Directory Users and Computers", that is a very good sign. Most times, if there is a configuration or bug in Samba4, the AD Users & Computers (among other interfaces) won't show up as an option. You can run it by hand (Start->Run->dsa.msc) but it's unlikely to work correctly.


Step 1: Adding user into Samba 4 Active Directory

Unlike Samba3, Samba4 does not require a local unix user for each Samba user that is created.

To create a Samba user, use the command

net newuser USERNAME

If you get this error message :

ImportError: No module named samba.netcmd

run this command

export PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/samba/lib/python2.6/site-packages/

Make sure you run the Samba4 version of net, if you also have Samba3 installed.

To inspect the allocated user ID and SID, use wbinfo

$ bin/wbinfo --name-to-sid USERNAME
S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 SID_USER (1)

$ bin/wbinfo --sid-to-uid S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005
3000011

If you want to change this mapping, then use ldbedit on the idmap.idb, like this:

$ bin/ldbedit -e emacs -H /usr/local/samba/private/idmap.ldb objectsid=S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005

You will find records that look like this:

# record 1
dn: CN=S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005
cn: S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005
objectClass: sidMap
objectSid: S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005
type: ID_TYPE_BOTH
xidNumber: 3000011
distinguishedName: CN=S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005

If you change the xidNumber attribute and save your editor then exit, then Samba will update the mapping to between the SID and the user ID. Updating group mappings works in the same way.

You can also manage users using the normal Windows AD user management tools.

Setting Up Roaming Profiles (Windows 7)

1. You will need to create a share for the profiles, typically named profiles. Edit the /usr/local/samba/etc/smb.conf to include:

 [profiles]
       path = /usr/local/samba/var/profiles
       read only = no

2. Create the directory above using:

 $ sudo mkdir /usr/local/samba/var/profiles

3. On windows start the Active Directory Users and Computers, select all the users, right click and hit properties

4. Under the profile tab, in the Profile path type the path to your share along with %USERNAME% as follows:

 \\sambaserver.samdom.example.com\profiles\%USERNAME%

5. click OK, logout and login as one of those users. When you logout again, you should see that the profile has been synced onto the samba server.

Adding organization unit (OU) into samba 4 domain

Organizational Unit (OU), is a powerful feature in active directory. This is a type of container which allows you to drag & drop users and/or computers into it.

We can link several kind of group policy to an OU, and the settings will deploy to all users/computers under the OU. With a single domain we can have as many OU and sub OU as you like. So the result is that it can greatly reduce administrative overhead because you are able to manage everything via an OU. The implementation of group policy will be discussed in the next chapter.

Before we create an OU, we must know what an OU looks like. By default we can see a sample OU 'Domain Controllers', which uses a different icon in the Windows management tools to the 'users' and 'computers' container. We can deploy group policy to users or computers container.

  1. To create an OU, as the domain administrator, use start -> run -> dsa.msc
  2. right click on your domain.
  3. choose new -> organizational unit
  4. type OU Demo'
  5. Then you will see an new OU appear, with the name 'OU Demo'.
  6. You can drag your user 'demo' into the new OU (Don't move other users! Unless you want to get stuck!)
  7. Right Click the 'OU Demo', you can create a sub OU with New->Organizational.

Normally we create OU based the departmental setup of your organization. Be careful not to confuse groups and OUs, groups are used to control permissions, OU are used for deployment settings to all users/computers within the OU.

Implementing Group Policies (GPO) in a Samba4 domain

Samba4 Active Directory has support for group policies, and can create the group policy on the fly. The basic idea of group policies is:-

  1. Group Policies have 2 kind of settings, computers and users.
  2. Computer settings apply to computers, user settings apply to users
  3. We link the group policy to a particular OU, and the group policy will effect all computers/users under the OU.
  1. To add a group policy, right click 'OU Demo' OU->properties
  2. Choose group policy
  3. Press new, name as 'GP Demo'
  4. Press edit to edit the policy.
  5. Here will demonstrate how to block user from access the control panel. Open the tree 'User Configuration'->'Administrative Templates'->'control panel'.
  6. Double click on 'Prohibit access to the Control Panel'
  7. Press enabled and then press OK. Now the all users under 'OU Demo' won't able to access to the control panel.
  8. Make sure user demo is inside the 'OU Demo' (You can drag and drop it).
  9. Logout and login as user 'demo'
  10. You'll find user demo is not able to access control panel
 * Note that user configuration will take effect once you logout and login.
 * Computer configuration will take effect when you restart the computer

To learn more about managing and implementing organizational units, group policy, and active directory, try a web search for Google in Windows 2003 Active Directory implementation.

Installing the Group Policy Management Console

You may also find the Group Policy Management console useful. You can download it from:

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=0A6D4C24-8CBD-4B35-9272-DD3CBFC81887&displaylang=en

This is primarily useful for when you have larger installs and are managing many machines. You may need to download the .NET framework first.

Joining a Windows domain controller as an additional DC in a domain

Once you have a Samba domain controller setup, you can choose to join additional domain controllers to the domain, whether they be additional Samba domain controllers, or additional Windows domain controllers.

If you wish to join an additional Samba domain controller to a domain, then please see the Joining a domain as a DC page. The instructions on that page are the same for joining Samba to a Windows domain as they are for joining Samba to an existing Samba domain.

If you wish to join a new Windows domain controller to a Samba domin, then you should use the 'dcpromo' tool on the Windows machine. Please see the normal instructions for installing dcpromo on Windows, with the exception that you should not tick the 'DNS server' option box when it is offered. Right now you should either use Windows for DNS, or use Samba and bind9 for DNS. Mixing the two can work, but it is an advanced topic that is beyond the scope of this howto.

Report your success/failure!

Samba4 as a replicating domain controller is still developing rapidly, and we like to hear from users about their successes and failures. While Samba4 is still in alpha release we would encourage you to report both your successes and failures to the samba-technical mailing list on http://lists.samba.org

Please be aware that Samba4 is not complete, so you should deploy it carefully until it is ready for a non-alpha release.