Setting up Samba as an Active Directory Domain Controller: Difference between revisions

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= Samba4 HOWTO =
= Introduction =


Starting from version 4.0, Samba is able to run as an Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC). If you are installing Samba in a production environment, it is recommended to run two or more DCs for failover reasons.
This document explains how to setup a simple Samba4
server. This is aimed at people who are already familiar with Samba3
and wish to participate in Samba4 development or test the alpha
releases of Samba4. This is not aimed at general production use of
Samba4, although some brave sites are running Samba4 in production
based on these instructions.


This documentation describes how to set up Samba as the first DC to build a new AD forest. Additionally, use this documentation if you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to Samba AD. To join Samba as an additional DC to an existing AD forest, see [[Joining_a_Samba_DC_to_an_Existing_Active_Directory|Joining a Samba DC to an Existing Active Directory]].
== Video Demonstrations of This HOWTO ==


Samba as an AD DC only supports:
A set of [[samba4/videos|demonstration videos]] is available that
* the integrated LDAP server as AD back end. For details, see the frequently asked question (FAQ) [[FAQ#Does_Samba_AD_DCs_Support_OpenLDAP_or_Other_LDAP_Servers_as_Back_End.3F|Does Samba AD DCs Support OpenLDAP or Other LDAP Servers as Back End?]]
may provide a useful overview of the contents of this HOWTO.
* the [https://web.mit.edu/kerberos/ MIT] and [http://www.h5l.se/ Heimdal] Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC).
: Samba uses the MIT KDC provided by your operating system if you run Samba 4.7 or later and has been built using the <code>--with-system-mitkrb5</code> option. In other cases Samba uses the Heimdal KDC included in Samba. For further details about Samba using the MIT KDC, see [[Running a Samba AD DC with MIT Kerberos KDC]].


== A Note on Alpha/Beta/RC Versions ==


Samba4 is developing very rapidly. This HOWTO is frequently updated to reflect the latest changes in the Samba git repository. Please see the Samba4 [[Samba4/Status|Status]] Wiki for more specifics on project status.


== Samba 4 OS Requirements ==


Because of the constantly changing and ever expanding nature of Linux, the '''OS Requirements for Samba4 have been moved''' from Step 2, to [[Samba_4_OS_Requirements]]
This not only includes the required packages for a successful Samba4 deployment, but also the required file system features. Please consider that page as a prerequisite to a successful Samba4 setup.


= Preparing the Installation =
== Step 1: Download Samba4 ==


* Select a host name for your AD DC.
Currently, there are three methods to download the current Samba4 sources, in order of preference: via git, rsync, or as a tarball from the samba.org website. We strongly recommend using the git method for downloading Samba, as it makes getting updates easier, and also allows you to integrate test patches from Samba developers more easily in case of problems.
: Do not use NT4-only terms as host name, such as <code>PDC</code> or <code>BDC</code>. These modes do not exist in an AD and cause confusion.


* Select a DNS domain for your AD forest. The name will also be used as the AD Kerberos realm.
In the following examples we will assume that your top-level source is named <tt>samba-master</tt>. If you downloaded a tarball this will instead be based on the name of the tarball downloaded (e.g. <tt>samba-4.0.0alpha13</tt> for the tarball samba-4.0.0alpha13.tar.gz). Also note that in the <tt>master</tt> branch the
: {{Imbox
samba4 code in our current git tree is now located in the top level directory.
| type = important
| text = Make sure that you provision the AD using a DNS domain that will not need to be changed. Samba does not support renaming the AD DNS zone and Kerberos realm.
}}
: For additional information, see [[Active_Directory_Naming_FAQ|Active Directory Naming FAQ]].


* Use a static IP address on the DC.
=== Downloading via git ===


* Disable tools, such as <code>resolvconf</code>, that automatically update your <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> DNS resolver configuration file. AD DCs and domain members must use an DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zones.
Git allows you to download the source tree via either the <tt>git</tt> or <tt>http</tt>protocols. In general, the <tt>git</tt> protocol is the preferred choice since it compresses the data being transferred. To download the source tree via <tt>git</tt>, run the following command:


* Verify that no Samba processes are running:
$ git clone git://git.samba.org/samba.git samba-master
# ps ax | egrep "samba|smbd|nmbd|winbindd"
: If the output lists any <code>samba</code>, <code>smbd</code>, <code>nmbd</code>, or <code>winbindd</code> processes, shut down the processes.


* Verify that the <code>/etc/hosts</code> file on the DC correctly resolves the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) and short host name to the LAN IP address of the DC. For example:
Alternatively, if you prefer to use the <tt>http</tt> protocol, run the following command:
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain
10.99.0.1 DC1.samdom.example.com DC1
:The host name and FQDN must not resolve to the <code>127.0.0.1</code> IP address or any other IP address than the one used on the LAN interface of the DC.


* If you previously ran a Samba installation on this host:
$ git clone http://gitweb.samba.org/samba.git samba-master
:* Remove the existing <code>smb.conf</code> file. To list the path to the file:


# smbd -b | grep "CONFIGFILE"
Either command will create a directory called <tt>samba-master</tt> in the current
CONFIGFILE: /usr/local/samba/etc/samba/smb.conf
directory.


:* Remove all Samba database files, such as <code>*.tdb</code> and <code>*.ldb</code> files. To list the folders containing Samba databases:
=== Updating via git ===


# smbd -b | egrep "LOCKDIR|STATEDIR|CACHEDIR|PRIVATE_DIR"
If you already have downloaded the source tree via <tt>git</tt> and want to update the tree to the latest version, run the following command in your <tt>samba-master</tt> directory:
LOCKDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/lock/
STATEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/locks/
CACHEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/cache/
PRIVATE_DIR: /usr/local/samba/private/


: Starting with a clean environment helps to prevent confusion and ensures that no files from any previous Samba installation will be mixed with your new domain DC installation.
$ git pull


* Remove an existing <code>/etc/krb5.conf</code> file:
If you get an error like this:
fatal: Unable to create '[...]/samba_master/.git/index.lock': File exists.
Run the command below to reset your tree.


# rm /etc/krb5.conf
If you are having trouble compiling the source, it may be due to stale files. You can reset your <tt>git</tt> tree to correct these errors. To reset your <tt>git</tt> tree, run the following command in your <tt>samba-master</tt> directory:


$ git clean -x -f -d


=== Downloading via rsync ===


If <tt>git</tt> is not available to you, <tt>rsync</tt> is the next best choice. To download the source tree via <tt>rsync</tt>, run the following command:


$ rsync -avz samba.org::ftp/unpacked/samba_4_0_test/ samba-master


= Installing Samba =
This command will create a directory called <tt>samba-master</tt> in the current directory, containing a checked out <tt>git</tt> repository. If you plan on using <tt>git</tt> to manage the tree, you will need to run the following commands in your <tt>samba-master</tt> directory:


For details, see [[Installing_Samba|Installing Samba]].
$ cd samba-master/
$ rm .git/refs/tags/*
$ rm -r .git/refs/remotes/
$ git config remote.origin.url git://git.samba.org/samba.git
$ git config --add remote.origin.fetch +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/* (this line is optional)
$ git fetch


{{Imbox
Note you can ignore this error from <tt>git fetch</tt>:
| type = note
error: refs/heads/master does not point to a valid object!
| text = Only install a maintained Samba version. For details, see [[Samba_Release_Planning|Samba Release Planning]].
}}


Refer to the [[#Updating via git|Updating via git]] instructions on how to manage the source tree with <tt>git</tt>.


=== Downloading a tarball ===


If both <tt>git</tt> and <tt>rsync</tt> are not available, you can download the latest Samba4 tarball from [http://ftp.samba.org/pub/samba/samba4/ the Samba website]


== Step 2: Compile Samba4 ==


= Provisioning a Samba Active Directory =
To build Samba4, run the following command in your <tt>samba-master</tt> directory:


The Samba AD provisioning process creates the AD databases and adds initial records, such as the domain administrator account and required DNS entries.
$ cd samba-master
$ ./configure.developer
$ make


If you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to AD, skip this step and run the Samba classic upgrade. For details, see [[Migrating_a_Samba_NT4_Domain_to_Samba_AD_(Classic_Upgrade)|Migrating a Samba NT4 Domain to Samba AD (Classic Upgrade)]].
The above command will setup Samba4 to install in <tt>/usr/local/samba</tt>. If you want Samba to install in a different directory, then you should use the <tt>--prefix</tt> option to <tt>configure.developer</tt>.


{{Imbox
The reason we recommend using <tt>configure.developer</tt> rather than <tt>configure</tt> for Samba4 beta releases is that it will include extra debug information that will help us diagnose problems in case of failures. It will also allow you to run the various built in automatic tests.
| type = note
| text = The AD provisioning requires root permissions to create files and set permissions.
}}


'''Profiling with google-perftools'''


The <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command provides several parameters to use with the interactive and non-interactive setup. For details, see:
If you want to enable profiling support, change the configure command above to the following:
$ LDFLAGS="-ltcmalloc -lprofiler" ./configure.developer
:''(This also works for CFLAGS)''


# samba-tool domain provision --help
== Step 3: Install Samba4 ==


To install Samba4, run the following command in your <tt>samba-master</tt> directory:


{{Imbox
$ make install
| type = note
| text = When provisioning a new AD, it is recommended to enable the NIS extensions by passing the <code>--use-rfc2307</code> parameter to the <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command. This enables you to store Unix attributes in AD, such as user IDs (UID), home directories paths, group IDs (GID). Enabling the NIS extensions has no disadvantages. However, enabling them in an existing domain requires manually extending the AD schema. For further details about Unix attributes in AD, see:
* [[Setting_up_RFC2307_in_AD|Setting up RFC2307 in AD]]
* [[Idmap_config_ad|idmap config = ad]]
}}


Note that this must be run as a user who has permission to write to the install directory, which defaults to <tt>/usr/local/samba</tt>. See [[#Step 2: Compile Samba4|Step 2: Compile Samba4]] for instructions on how to change the install directory.
For the rest of this HOWTO we will assume that you have installed
Samba4 in the default location. All future Samba commands will stem from the <tt>/usr/local/samba/sbin</tt> and <tt>/usr/local/samba/bin</tt> directories.


Please review the [[Samba4#Previous_Releases|Release Notes]] for the version you have installed, it may contain important information not yet reflected in this HOWTO.


=== Upgrading ===
== Parameter Explanation ==


Set the following parameters during the provisioning:
If you are upgrading from a previous release of Samba4, be sure to review all the [[Samba4#Previous_Releases|Release Notes]] for the new version, as well as the notes for all the interim versions.


{| class="wikitable"
== Step 4: Provision Samba4 ==
!Interactive Mode Setting
!Non-interactive Mode Parameter
!Explanation
|-
|<code>--use-rfc2307</code>
|<code>--use-rfc2307</code>
|Enables the NIS extensions.
|-
|<code>Realm</code>
|<code>--realm</code>
|Kerberos realm. This is also used as the AD DNS domain. For example: <code>samdom.example.com</code>.
|-
|<code>Domain</code>
|<code>--domain</code>
|NetBIOS domain name. It is recommended to use the first part of the AD DNS domain. For example: <code>samdom</code>.
|-
|<code>Server Role</code>
|<code>--server-role</code>
|Installs the domain controller <code>DC</code> role.
|-
|<code>DNS backend</code>
|<code>--dns-backend</code>
|Sets the DNS back end. The first DC in an AD must be installed using a DNS back end. Note that the <code>BIND9_FLATFILE</code> is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version.
|-
|<code>DNS forwarder IP address</code>
|not available
|This setting is only available when using the <code>SAMBA_INTERNAL</code> DNS back end. For details, see [[Samba_Internal_DNS_Back_End#Setting_up_a_DNS_Forwarder|Setting up a DNS Forwarder]].
|-
|<code>Administrator password</code>
|<code>--adminpass</code>
|Sets the domain administrator password. If the password does not match the complexity requirements, the provisioning fails. For details, see [https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc786468%28v=ws.10%29.aspx Microsoft TechNet: Passwords must meet complexity requirements].
|}


Other parameters frequently used with the <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command:
The provision step sets up a basic user database, and is used when you are setting up your Samba4
* <code>--option="interfaces=lo eth0" --option="bind interfaces only=yes"</code>: If your server has multiple network interfaces, use these options to bind Samba to the specified interfaces. This enables the <code>samba-tool</code> command to register the correct LAN IP address in the directory during the join.
server in its own domain. If you instead want to setup your Samba4 server as an additional domain controller
in an existing domain, then please see the [[#Joining a Windows Domain Controller as an Additional DC in a Domain|Joining a Windows Domain Controller as an Additional DC in a Domain]] section on this page. If you want to migrate an existing Samba3 domain to Samba4, see the [[#Migrating an Existing Samba3 Domain to Samba4|Migrating an Existing Samba3 Domain to Samba4]] section on this page.


In the following examples we will assume that your DNS domain name is
<tt>samdom.example.com</tt>, your short (also known as NT4) domain name is
<tt>samdom</tt>, and your Samba server's hostname is <tt>samba</tt>.


{{Imbox
The provision step must be run as a user with permission to write to the install directory.
| type = note
| text = do NOT use <code>NONE</code> as the DNS backend, it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version.
}}


{{Imbox
# /usr/local/samba/bin/samba-tool domain provision \
| type = note
--realm=samdom.example.com --domain=SAMDOM \
| text = If using Bind as the DNS backend, do NOT use <code>BIND9_FLATFILE</code>, it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version.
--adminpass='p4$$word' --server-role=dc
}}


{{Imbox
If you run the previous command with a user who does not have write permission to the install directory, you will get an error similar to this:
| type = important
tdb_open_ex: could not open file /usr/local/samba/private/sam.ldb.d/DC=SAMDOM,DC=EXAMPLE,DC=COM. ldb: Permission denied
| text = Once you have provisioned the first DC in an AD domain, do not provision any further DCs in the same domain, [[Joining_a_Samba_DC_to_an_Existing_Active_Directory|Join]] any further DCs.
}}


There are many other options you can pass to the <tt>samba-tool domain provision</tt> command. You can run it with the <tt>--help</tt> option to see a list of them.


*Note: As of September 11, 2012 (Samba4.0.0RC1) the provision command now uses Samba4's internal DNS server, if you would like the older behavior, add <tt>--dns-backend=BIND9_DLZ</tt> to the above provision command.
*Note: You may need to remove the <tt>/usr/local/samba/etc/smb.conf</tt> file if you are re-running the provision command.
*Note: When using Debian SID samba4 package, the provision script and samba4 installation will abort if <tt>hostname -d</tt> is returning an empty string (domain name not found). The debian4.config script detects REALM as follows <tt>REALM=`hostname -d | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'`</tt>. To avoid this, ensure <tt>/etc/resolv.conf</tt> contains:
domain ''samdom.example.com''


== Provisioning Samba AD in Interactive Mode ==
== Step 5: Starting Samba4 ==


To provision a Samba AD interactively, run:
If you are planning to run Samba4 as a production server, then just run the <tt>samba</tt> binary as root


# samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 --interactive
# /usr/local/samba/sbin/samba
Realm [SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]: SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
Domain [SAMDOM]: SAMDOM
Server Role (dc, member, standalone) [dc]: dc
DNS backend (SAMBA_INTERNAL, BIND9_FLATFILE, BIND9_DLZ, NONE) [SAMBA_INTERNAL]: SAMBA_INTERNAL
DNS forwarder IP address (write 'none' to disable forwarding) [10.99.0.1]: 8.8.8.8
Administrator password: Passw0rd
Retype password: Passw0rd
Looking up IPv4 addresses
Looking up IPv6 addresses
No IPv6 address will be assigned
Setting up share.ldb
Setting up secrets.ldb
Setting up the registry
Setting up the privileges database
Setting up idmap db
Setting up SAM db
Setting up sam.ldb partitions and settings
Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE
Pre-loading the Samba 4 and AD schema
Adding DomainDN: DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Adding configuration container
Setting up sam.ldb schema
Setting up sam.ldb configuration data
Setting up display specifiers
Modifying display specifiers
Adding users container
Modifying users container
Adding computers container
Modifying computers container
Setting up sam.ldb data
Setting up well known security principals
Setting up sam.ldb users and groups
Setting up self join
Adding DNS accounts
Creating CN=MicrosoftDNS,CN=System,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Creating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions
Populating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions
Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE marking as synchronized
Fixing provision GUIDs
A Kerberos configuration suitable for Samba 4 has been generated at /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf
Setting up fake yp server settings
Once the above files are installed, your Samba4 server will be ready to use
Server Role: active directory domain controller
Hostname: DC1
NetBIOS Domain: SAMDOM
DNS Domain: samdom.example.com
DOMAIN SID: S-1-5-21-2614513918-2685075268-614796884


{{Imbox
That will run Samba4 in 'standard' mode, which is suitable for
| type = note
production use. Samba4 doesn't yet have init scripts included
| text = The interactive provisioning mode supports passing further parameters to the <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command. This enables you to modify parameters that are not part of the interactive setup.
for each platform, but making one for your platform should not be
}}
difficult. There are some example scripts (for RedHat/Fedora and Debian/Ubuntu) on the [[Samba4/InitScript]] page.


If you are running Samba4 as a developer you may find
the following more useful:


# /usr/local/samba/sbin/samba -i -M single


== Provisioning Samba AD in Non-interactive Mode ==
This will start <tt>samba</tt> with all log messages printed to stdout, and restricting it to a
single process. That mode of operation makes debugging <tt>samba</tt> with <tt>gdb</tt>
easier. If you want to launch it under <tt>gdb</tt>, run <tt>samba</tt> as follows:


For example, to provision a Samba AD non-interactively with the following settings:
# gdb --args /usr/local/samba/sbin/samba -i -M single
* Server role: <code>dc</code>
* NIS extensions enabled
* Internal DNS back end
* Kerberos realm and AD DNS zone: <code>samdom.example.com</code>
* NetBIOS domain name: <code>SAMDOM</code>
* Domain administrator password: <code>Passw0rd</code>


# samba-tool domain provision --server-role=dc --use-rfc2307 --dns-backend=SAMBA_INTERNAL --realm=SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM --domain=SAMDOM --adminpass=Passw0rd
Note that if you are running any Samba3 <tt>smbd</tt> or <tt>nmbd</tt> processes
they need to be stopped before starting <tt>samba</tt> from Samba4.


Take care when running Samba4 commands if you also have a previous version of Samba installed. To avoid inadvertently running the wrong version, you should consider putting the <tt>/usr/local/samba/bin</tt> and <tt>/usr/local/samba/sbin</tt> directories in the beginning of your <tt>PATH</tt> variable.


You can see what version of Samba, if any, is in your <tt>PATH</tt> variable by running the following:
# samba -V


*Note: In older developer versions of Samba4 <tt>samba</tt> was still called <tt>smbd</tt>.


== Step 6: Testing Samba4 ==


= Setting up the AD DNS back end =
First check you have the right version of <tt>smbclient</tt> by running the following command:


Skip this step if you provisioned the DC using the <code>SAMBA_INTERNAL</code> DNS back end.
$ /usr/local/samba/bin/smbclient --version


* Set up the BIND DNS server and the <code>BIND9_DLZ</code> module. For details, see [[Setting_up_a_BIND_DNS_Server|Setting up a BIND DNS Server]].
This should show you a version starting with "Version 4.0.XXXXX".


* Start the BIND DNS server. For example:
Now run this command to list the shares on your Samba4 server:
# systemctl start named
: For details how to start services, see you distribution's documentation.


$ /usr/local/samba/bin/smbclient -L localhost -U%


The output of the command should be similar to what is shown below:


Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
netlogon Disk
sysvol Disk
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 4.0.0alpha12-GIT-5e755e9)
ADMIN$ Disk DISK Service (Samba 4.0.0alpha12-GIT-5e755e9)


= Configuring the DNS Resolver =
The <tt>netlogon</tt> and <tt>sysvol</tt> shares are basic shares needed for Active Directory server
operation.


Domain members in an AD use DNS to locate services, such as LDAP and Kerberos. For that, they need to use a DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zone.
If the command failed, restart samba by running the following:


On your DC, set the AD DNS domain in the <code>domain</code> and the IP of your DC in the <code>nameserver</code> parameter of the <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> file. For example:
# killall samba
# rm -v -- /usr/local/samba/var/run/smbd-fileserver.conf.pid
# /usr/local/samba/sbin/samba


search samdom.example.com
To test that authentication is working, you should try to connect to the <tt>netlogon</tt> share
nameserver 10.99.0.1
using the Administrator password you set earlier:


$ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -UAdministrator%'p4$$word' -c 'ls'


The output of the command should be similar to what is shown below:


Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 4.0.0beta9-GIT-e4677e3]
. D 0 Wed Sep 12 21:00:36 2012
.. D 0 Wed Sep 12 21:02:28 2012


== Step 7: Configure DNS ==


= Create a reverse zone =
A working DNS setup is essential to the correct operation of
Samba4. Without the right DNS entries, Kerberos won't work, which in
turn means that many of the basic features of Samba4 won't work.


You can optionally add a reverse lookup zone.
It is worth spending some extra time to ensure your DNS setup is correct, as debugging problems caused by mis-configured DNS can take a
lot of time later on.


# samba-tool dns zonecreate <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa
=== DNS Server ===
Password for [administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]:
==== Samba's Internal DNS Server ====
Zone 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa created successfully


If you need more than one reverse zone (multiple subnets), just run the above command again but with the data for the other subnet.
If you specified <tt>--dns-backend=SAMBA_INTERNAL</TT> or did not specify any backend at all when you provisioned, there is no further setup required for the DNS server. However, you still need to configure your <tt>/etc/resolv.conf</tt> as shown in [[#Configure /etc/resolv.conf|Configure /etc/resolv.conf]]
==== Bind 9.8.0 or newer ====


The reverse zone is directly live without restarting Samba or BIND.
The simplest way to get a working DNS setup for Samba4 is to start
with the DNS configuration file that is created by the
[[#Step 4: Provision Samba4|provision step]]. The full path of configuration file should be <tt>/usr/local/samba/private/named.conf</tt>. Based on your version of bind, you might need to make changes to this configuration file. Open the file in a text editor and follow the instructions inside.


If have bind-9.8.0 or newer installed, you can
activate the configuration that the provision has created by including this configuration file in bind's named configuration file. This file is typically located in the <tt>/etc/bind</tt> directory, please refer to your distribution documentation for the location of this file on your system. Once located, add the following line to the configuration file:


include "/usr/local/samba/private/named.conf";


After adding that line you should restart your Bind server and check
in the system logs for any problems. If available, you can run <tt>named-checkconf</tt> to help you fix any problems with your named configuration.


==== Bind 9.7.x ====


= Configuring Kerberos =
Users of bind-9.7.x are strongly encouraged to upgrade to bind-9.8 or bind-9.9. If this is not possible, refer to the section [[#Step 9: Configure Kerberos DNS Dynamic Updates|Configure Kerberos DNS Dynamic Updates]] for instructions on configuring bind-9.7.


In an AD, Kerberos is used to authenticate users, machines, and services.
==== Bind (All Versions) ====


During the provisioning, Samba created a Kerberos configuration file for your DC. Copy this file to your operating system's Kerberos configuration. For example:
A common problem you may encounter is that many modern Linux distributions activate
'Apparmor' or 'SELinux' by default, and these may be configured to
deny access to Bind for your the <tt>named.conf</tt> and zone files created in
the provision. If your Bind logs show that Bind is getting a access
denied error accessing these files, please see your local system
documentation for how to enable access to these files in Bind (hint:
for Apparmor systems such as Ubuntu, the command <tt>aa-logprof</tt> may be
useful).


# cp /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf
*Note: On Debian systems, the zone auto-generation might detect and use <tt>127.0.1.1</tt> as the domain controller's IP address. This will cause problems when trying to connect to the server from client machines. To fix this, you will need to adjust <tt>/usr/local/samba/private/named.conf</tt> by changing <tt>127.0.1.1</tt> to reflect the actual IP address of the server you're setting up.
*Note: On Debian SID (bind9 package), <tt>/etc/bind/named.conf.options</tt> is missing and this will cause the <tt>named</tt> daemon to fail to start. To fix this either create an empty file, or comment out corresponding line in <tt>/etc/bind/named.conf</tt>. See your syslog messages for more information.


{{Imbox
=== Configure /etc/resolv.conf ===
| type = important
| text = Do not create a symbolic link to the the generated <code>krb5.conf</code> file. In Samba 4.7 and later, the <code>/usr/local/samba/private/</code> directory is no longer accessible by other users than the <code>root</code> user. If the file is a symbolic link, other users are not able to read the file and, for example, dynamic DNS updates fail if you use the <code>BIND_DLZ</code> DNS back end.
}}


The pre-created Kerberos configuration uses DNS service (SRV) resource records to locate the KDC.
For all the local DNS lookups to resolve correctly, we need to modify the server's <tt>/etc/resolv.conf</tt> file. The following example should be sufficient to have DNS resolve properly:


domain samdom.example.com
nameserver 127.0.0.1


*Note: If your server is set up to receive it's IP configuration via DHCP, the <tt>/etc/resolv.conf</tt> file might be automatically updated. Refer to your distribution's documentation on how to stop this behavior.
*Note: If you are using Samba's internal DNS server, please change <tt>127.0.0.1</tt> to the IP address Samba's DNS server is listening on. You can see which IP to use by examining the output of <tt>netstat -an | grep :53</tt>


=== Testing DNS ===


To test that DNS is working properly, run the following commands and compare the output to what is shown:


= Testing your Samba AD DC =
$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com.
_ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 samba.samdom.example.com.


To start the <code>samba</code> service manually, enter:
$ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com.
_kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 samba.samdom.example.com.


# samba
$ host -t A samba.samdom.example.com.
samba.samdom.example.com has address 10.0.0.1


Samba does not provide System V init scripts, <code>systemd</code>, <code>upstart</code>, or other services configuration files.
The answers you get should be similar to the ones above (adjusted for your DNS domain name and hostname). If you get any errors,
* If you installed Samba using packages, use the script or service configuration file included in the package to start Samba.
carefully check your system logs to locate the problem.
* If you built Samba, see [[Managing_the_Samba_AD_DC_Service|Managing the Samba AD DC Service]].


== Step 8: Configure Kerberos ==


Kerberos configuration is handled by the <tt>krb.conf</tt> file. This file is typically located in the <tt>/etc</tt> directory, please refer to your distribution documentation for the location of this file on your system. Replace the existing file, if any, with the sample from <tt>/usr/local/samba/share/setup/krb5.conf</tt>. Edit the file and replace <tt>${REALM}</tt> with the value you chose for the <tt>--realm</tt> parameter of the provision command above, make sure to enter the realm in '''uppercase letters''':


== Verifying the File Server ==
[libdefaults]
default_realm = SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
dns_lookup_realm = false
dns_lookup_kdc = true


To list all shares provided by the DC:
=== Testing Kerberos ===


$ smbclient -L localhost -U%
The simplest test is to use the <tt>kinit</tt> command as follows:
Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z]
Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
netlogon Disk
sysvol Disk
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba x.y.z)
Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z]
Server Comment
--------- -------
Workgroup Master
--------- -------


{{Imbox
$ kinit administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
| type = note
Password:
| text = The <code>netlogon</code> and <code>sysvol</code> shares were auto-created during the provisioning and must exist on a DC.
}}


To verify authentication, connect to the <code>netlogon</code> share using the domain administrator account:
*Note: You must specify your domain realm <tt>SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM</tt> in '''uppercase letters'''


$ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -UAdministrator -c 'ls'
<tt>kinint</tt> will not give you any output. To verify that Kerberos is working, and that you received a ticket, run the following:
Enter Administrator's password:
Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z]
. D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016
.. D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016
49386 blocks of size 524288. 42093 blocks available


If one or more tests fail, see [[#Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]].
$ klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_1000
Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
Valid starting Expires Service principal
02/10/10 19:39:48 02/11/10 19:39:46 krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM


If either <tt>kinit</tt> or <tt>klist</tt> do not exist on your system, refer to [[Samba_4_OS_Requirements]] on how to install the necessary packages.


You can also test Kerberos form a remote client, but you must first configure the client's <tt>krb5.conf</tt> and <tt>resolve.conf</tt> as shown previously.


== Verifying DNS ==
*Note: If you are using a client behind NAT then you have to add the following to the <tt>krb5.conf</tt> on the domain controller server:


To verify that your AD DNS configuration works correctly, query some DNS records:
[kdc]
check-ticket-addresses = false


* The tcp-based <code>_ldap</code> SRV record in the domain:
== Step 9: Configure DNS Dynamic Updates via Kerberos ==


$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com.
Samba4 has the capability to automatically update the bind zone files via Kerberos. While this step is optional, it is highly recommended. If you are using Samba's internal DNS server, no configuration is needed, and you can skip this step.
_ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 dc1.samdom.example.com.


* The udp-based <code>_kerberos</code> SRV resource record in the domain:
To setup dynamic DNS updates you need to have a recent version of bind installed. It is highly recommended that you install at least version 9.8.0 as that version includes a set of patches from the Samba Team to make dynamic DNS updates much more robust and easier to configure. In the instructions below we give instructions for both bind 9.7.2 and 9.8.0, but please use 9.8.0 or later if at all possible.


$ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com.
You can tell what version of bind you have using the command <tt>/usr/sbin/named -V</tt>. If your OS does not have bind-9.8.0 or later, then please consider getting it from a package provided by a 3rd party (for example, on Ubuntu there is a ppa available with the newer versions of bind).
_kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 dc1.samdom.example.com.


* The A record of the domain controller:
=== Bind 9.8.0 or Later ===


$ host -t A dc1.samdom.example.com.
When using bind-9.8.0 or later you need to add the following to the options section of your bind config:
dc1.samdom.example.com has address 10.99.0.1
options {
[...]
tkey-gssapi-keytab "/usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab";
[...]
};


If one or more tests fail, see [[#Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]].
This file is typically located in the <tt>/etc/bind</tt> directory, please refer to your distribution documentation for the location of this file on your system.


=== Bind 9.7.x ===


If you have bind-9.7.x (specifically 9.7.2 or later), then first determine if you can
at all possibly run bind-9.8. You will have far fewer problems. Otherwise, follow these instructions.


== Verifying Kerberos ==
The Samba provision will have created a custom <tt>/usr/local/samba/private/named.conf.update</tt> configuration file. You need to include this file in your master <tt>named.conf</tt> to allow Samba/Kerberos DNS updates to automatically take place. Be advised that if you include this file in Bind versions that don't support it, Bind will fail to start.


* Request a Kerberos ticket for the domain administrator account:
You additionally need to set two environment variables when using bind-9.7.x:


$ kinit administrator
KEYTAB_FILE="/usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab"
Password for administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM:
KRB5_KTNAME="/usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab"
export KEYTAB_FILE
export KRB5_KTNAME


: {{Imbox
These should be put in your settings file for bind. On Debian based
| type = note
systems (including Ubuntu) this is in <tt>/etc/default/bind9</tt>. On RedHat and SUSE derived systems it is
| text = The Kerberos realm is automatically appended, if you do not pass the principal in the <code>user@REALM</code> format to the <code>kinit</code> command.<br />Set Kerberos realms always in uppercase.
in <tt>/etc/sysconfig/named</tt>, please refer to your distribution documentation for the correct location to set these environment variables. Strictly speaking you only either need
}}
<tt>KEYTAB_FILE</tt> or <tt>KRB5_KTNAME</tt>, but which you need depends on your distribution,
so it's easier to just set both.


* List the cached Kerberos tickets:
The <tt>dns.keytab</tt> must be readable by the bind server process. Generally, this is accomplished by executing:
$ chown named:named /usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab


$ klist
(the provision should have setup these permissions for you automatically).
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
Valid starting Expires Service principal
01.11.2016 08:45:00 12.11.2016 18:45:00 krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
renew until 02.11.2016 08:44:59


If one or more tests fail, see [[#Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]].
Finally, you need to add the following to the options section of your bind config:
options {
[...]
tkey-gssapi-credential "DNS/server.samdom.example.com";
tkey-domain "SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM";
[...]
};


The last part of the credential in the first line must match the dns name of the server you have set up. This file is typically located in the <tt>/etc/bind</tt> directory, please refer to your distribution documentation for the location of this file on your system.

=== Testing/Debugging Dynamic DNS Updates ===

The way the automatic DNS update in Samba works is that the provision
will create a file <tt>/usr/local/samba/private/dns_update_list</tt>, which
contains a list of DNS entries that Samba will try to dynamically
update at startup and every 10 minutes thereafter using <tt>samba_dnsupdate</tt> utility.
Updates will only happen if the DNS entries do not already exist.
Remember that you need <tt>nsupdate</tt> utility from bind the distribution
for all these to work.

If you want to test or debug this process, then please run this as root:

/usr/local/samba/sbin/samba_dnsupdate --verbose --all-names

The command line options specified will force an update of all records in the <tt>dns_update_list</tt>, as well as output detailed information on what is being done.

=== Interaction With Apparmor or SELinux ===

If you are using Apparmor or SELinux, you have to ensure that the bind process has read access to the <tt>/usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab</tt> file, the
<tt>/usr/local/samba/private/named.conf</tt> file as well as read-write access to the <tt>/usr/local/samba/private/dns</tt> directory and it's own zone file. The Samba provision tries to setup the permissions
correctly for these files, but you may find you need to make changes
in your Apparmor or SELinux configuration if you are running either of
those. If you are using Apparmor then the <tt>aa-logprof</tt> command may help
you add any missing permissions you need to add after you start Samba
and bind for the first time after configuring them.

Please refer to [[#Step 11: Permissions, SELinux Labeling and Policy|Step 11: Permissions, SELinux Labeling and Policy]] for more information.

== Step 10: Configure NTP (Optional) ==

RedHat 6.x:
Redhat does not provide a recent NTP version to support signed ntp so a newer version is required.

1. Download NTP =>4.2.6 release from ntp.org ( verify md5 sum )

2. Download the Redhat 6.1 ntp source rpm file from RedHat and install.

3. Edit the ntp.spec and remove all lines regarding patches and correct the version number.

4. Here is a <b>partial</b> diff showing required edits then run <i>$ rpmbuild -ba ntp.spec</i>
218c115
< --enable-linuxcaps
---
> --enable-linuxcaps --enable-ntp-signd
327a225
> %{_sbindir}/sntp
345,346c243,244
< %{_mandir}/man8/ntptime.8*
< %{_mandir}/man8/tickadj.8*
---
> %{_mandir}/man8/ntpdtime.8*
> #%{_mandir}/man8/tickadj.8*
352c250
< %{_mandir}/man8/ntp-wait.8*
---
> #%{_mandir}/man8/ntp-wait.8*

For Debian/Ubuntu:

Recent versions of Debian/Ubuntu already contain a version of ntp with support for signing. For older versions (Debian Squeeze, Ubuntu < 11.04), get a recent version of ntp:

$ tar -zxvf ntp-4.x.x.tar.gz
$ cd ntp-4.x.x
$ ./configure --enable-ntp-signd
$ make
$ make install

5. TODO ( add example ntp.conf changes )
# A simple ntp.conf tested in Debian Lenny
# Using the hardware clock
server 127.127.1.1
fudge 127.127.1.1 stratum 12
ntpsigndsocket /usr/local/samba/var/run/ntp_signd/
restrict default mssntp
[...]

== Step 11: Permissions, SELinux Labeling and Policy ==

These instructions are intended for RedHat 6.X, but may serve as a guide for other distributions/versions.

There is still more work to be done in regards of creating a Samba4 specific SELinux policy but for now you should be
able to have everything working '''without''' disabling SELinux.

For all the commands below, make sure you have set the following environment variable:
MYREALM="samdom.example.com"

=== Bind ===

Set Permissions:
chown named:named /usr/local/samba/private/dns
chgrp named /usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab
chmod g+r /usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab
chmod 775 /usr/local/samba/private/dns

Label files:
chcon -t named_conf_t /usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab
chcon -t named_conf_t /usr/local/samba/private/named.conf.update
chcon -t named_var_run_t /usr/local/samba/private/dns
chcon -t named_var_run_t /usr/local/samba/private/dns/${MYREALM}.zone

Set Label Persistence:
semanage fcontext -a -t named_conf_t /usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab
semanage fcontext -a -t named_conf_t /usr/local/samba/private/named.conf
semanage fcontext -a -t named_conf_t /usr/local/samba/private/named.conf.update
semanage fcontext -a -t named_var_run_t /usr/local/samba/private/dns
semanage fcontext -a -t named_var_run_t /usr/local/samba/private/dns/${MYREALM}.zone
semanage fcontext -a -t named_var_run_t /usr/local/samba/private/dns/${MYREALM}.zone.jnl
semanage fcontext -a -t ntpd_t /usr/local/samba/var/run/ntp_signd

=== NTP ===

Multiple attempts to set the context for ntp failed so (below) policy was needed for windows clients time sync after joining the DOMAIN.
$ chcon -u system_u -t ntpd_t /usr/local/samba/var/run/ntp_signd
$ chcon -u system_u -t ntpd_t /usr/local/samba/var/run/
$ chcon -t ntpd_t /usr/local/samba/var/run/ntp_signd/socket

<tt>samba4.te</tt> policy:
module samba4 1.0;
require {
type ntpd_t;
type usr_t;
type initrc_t;
class sock_file write;
class unix_stream_socket connectto;
}
#============= ntpd_t ==============
allow ntpd_t usr_t:sock_file write;
#============= ntpd_t ==============
allow ntpd_t initrc_t:unix_stream_socket connectto;

Check and load policy:
$ checkmodule -M -m -o samba4.mod samba4.te
$ semodule_package -o samba4.pp -m samba4.mod
$ semodule -i samba4.pp

== Step 12: Setup a File Share ==

The provisioning will create a very simple <tt>/usr/local/samba/etc/smb.conf</tt> file with no non-system shares by
default. For the server to be useful you, will need to update it to
have at least one share. For example:

[test]
path = /data/test
comment = Test Share
read only = no

*Note: In older alpha versions of Samba4 you need to restart Samba
to make new shares visible.

== Step 13: Setup a Printer share ==
TODO

== Note: Filesystem Support ==

This information has been included in the [[Samba_4_OS_Requirements#File_System_Support]]

= Configure a Windows Client to join a Samba 4 Active Directory =

Active Directory is a powerful administration service which enables an administrator to centrally manage a network of Windows 2000, Windows XP Pro, Windows 2003, and Windows Vista Business Edition effectively. To test the real Samba4 capability, we use Windows XP Pro as testing environment (Windows XP Home doesn't include Active Directory functionality and won't work).

To allow Samba 4 Active Directory or Microsoft Active Directory to manage a computer, we need to join the computer into the active directory.
It involves:

# Configuring DNS Setting
# Configuring Date & Time and Time Zone
# Joining the domain

== Step 1: Configure DNS Setting for Windows ==

Before we configure the DNS settings, verify that you are able to ping the server's IP address. If you are not able to ping the server, double check your IP address, firewall, routing, etc.

Once you have verified network connectivity between the Samba server and client,

# Right Click My Network Places -> Properties
# Double click Local Area Network -> Properties
# Double click TCP/IP
# Use a static DNS server, add the Samba4 server's IP address inside the primary DNS server column.
#:[[Image:Samba4dnsclient.jpg]]
# Press ok, ok, ok again until finished.
# Open a command prompt, type 'ping samdom.example.com' (as per your provision).

If you get replies, then it means that your Windows settings are correct (for DNS) and the Samba4 server's DNS services is working as well.

== Step 2: Configure Date & Time and Time Zone ==

Active Directory uses Kerberos as the backend for authentication. Kerberos requires that the system clocks on the client and server be synchronized to within a few seconds of each other. If they are not synchronized, then authentication will fail for apparently no reason.

# Change the timezone in Windows XP Pro so that the server and client are using the same time zone. In my computer, I use Asia/Kuala_Lumpur (I come from Malaysia).
#:[[Image:Samba4timezone.jpg]]
# Change the date/time so the client have same HH:MM with the server.
#:[[Image:Samba4time.jpg]]

== Step 3: Joining Windows Clients to the Domain ==

Now your Windows computer is ready to join the Active Directory (AD) domain,

As an Administrator:

# Right Click My Computer-> Properties
# Choose Computer Name, click Change..
# Click option 'Domain', insert SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM. If this fails, try SAMDOM, (modify as per your provision)[[Image:Samba4joindomain.jpg]]
# When it requests a username and password, type '''Administrator''' as the username, and '''SOMEPASSWORD''' as password (as per your earlier provision).
# It will tell you that Windows XP has successfully join into your Active Directory Domain, and you need to restart your computer.
# After restarting, you should get the normal domain logon dialog.
# Choose the domain to SAMDOM, insert '''Administrator''' as the username, '''SOMEPASSWORD''' as the password (again, as per your earlier provision).
# If you login successfully, then you will be able to enjoy Samba4 Active Directory services as shown in the next section.

= Viewing Samba 4 Active Directory object from Windows =

We need install Windows 2003 Adminpak into Windows XP in order to use
GUI tools to manage the domain. Before you begin, make sure that the domain
administrators have administrative rights to control your computer.(To
give any user administrative rights in Windows XP Pro, right click My
Computer, select Manage-> choose Groups-> double click Administrators
and add members from domain into the member list. When you add
members from Active Directory, it will prompt you to enter an
Active Directory username and password).

== Step 1: Installing Windows Remote Administration Tools onto Windows ==

=== Windows 7/Vista ===

#Download the Windows Remote Administration Tools from:
#* http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=9FF6E897-23CE-4A36-B7FC-D52065DE9960&displaylang=en (Vista)
#* http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=7D2F6AD7-656B-4313-A005-4E344E43997D&displaylang=en (Windows 7)
#Follow the "Install RSAT" instructions

=== Windows XP Pro ===

==== Administration Tools Pack & Support Tools ====
# Download adminpak and supporttools from:
#* http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=86b71a4f-4122-44af-be79-3f101e533d95
#* http://download.microsoft.com/download/3/e/4/3e438f5e-24ef-4637-abd1-981341d349c7/WindowsServer2003-KB892777-SupportTools-x86-ENU.exe
#:If you installed an older version of the adminpak, you'll notice the dial-in tab is missing from property pages. Just follow the link above to get SP2 which does not have this issue.
# Run through the installation.
# Press start->run, type 'dsa.msc', if a window 'active directory users and computers' prompt up, it mean you had install adminpak it successfully. You can also find this at Start>Programs>Administrative Tools, which should have a lot more items now.
# Go to c:\Program Files\Support Tools to check whether the support tools were installed correctly; if yes, then your XP workstation is ready to manage the Samba 4 Active Directory.

==== Group Policy Management Console ====
# You may also find the Group Policy Management Console useful. You can download it from
#* http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=0A6D4C24-8CBD-4B35-9272-DD3CBFC81887&displaylang=en
#:This is primarily useful when you have larger installs and are managing many machines. You may need to download the .NET Framework first.

== Step 2: Viewing Samba4 Active Directory Content ==

# Login to the domain 'testing1.org' as administrator: press start->run.
# Type dsa.msc
#:[[Image:Samba4run.jpg ]]
# Expand the testing1.org tree to see existing objects in the domain. [[Image:Samba4dsa.msc.jpg]]

= Managing Samba 4 Active Directory From a Windows Client =
One of Samba4's goals is to integrate with (and replace) Active Directory as a system. At this point, if everything has worked correctly you should have an "Administrative Tools" menu under Programs. If, under Administrative Tools you have "Active Directory Users and Computers", that is a very good sign. Most times, if there is a configuration or bug in Samba4, the AD Users & Computers (among other interfaces) won't show up as an option. You can run it by hand (Start->Run->dsa.msc) but it's unlikely to work correctly.


== Step 1: Adding Users into Samba 4 Active Directory ==
Unlike Samba3, Samba4 does not require a local unix user for each Samba user that is created.

To create a Samba user, use the command

samba-tool user add USERNAME

To inspect the allocated user ID and SID, use wbinfo

$ bin/wbinfo --name-to-sid USERNAME
S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 SID_USER (1)
$ bin/wbinfo --sid-to-uid S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005
3000011


If you want to change this mapping, then use ldbedit on the idmap.idb,
like this:


$ bin/ldbedit -e emacs -H /usr/local/samba/private/idmap.ldb objectsid=S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005


You will find records that look like this:


= Configuring Time Synchronisation =
# record 1
dn: CN=S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005
cn: S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005
objectClass: sidMap
objectSid: S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005
type: ID_TYPE_BOTH
xidNumber: 3000011
distinguishedName: CN=S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005


Kerberos requires a synchronised time on all domain members. For further details and how to set up the <code>ntpd</code> service, see [[Time_Synchronisation|Time Synchronisation]].
If you change the xidNumber attribute and save your editor then exit,
then Samba will update the mapping to between the SID and the user
ID. Updating group mappings works in the same way.


You can also manage users using the normal Windows AD user management
tools.


= Setting Up Roaming Profiles =


1. You will need to create a share for the profiles, typically named '''profiles'''. Edit the ''/usr/local/samba/etc/smb.conf'' to include:


[profiles]
path = /usr/local/samba/var/profiles
read only = no


= Using the Domain Controller as a File Server =
2. Create the directory above using:


Whilst the Samba AD DC is able to provide file shares, just like all other installation modes, the Samba team does not recommend using a DC as a file server for the following reasons:
$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/samba/var/profiles


* For anything but the smallest organisations, having more than one DC is a really good backup measure, and makes upgrades safer
3. In Windows, start ''Active Directory Users and Computers'', select all the users, right click, and hit properties
* It encourages upgrades of the DC to also be upgrades of the host OS every year or two, because there isn't complex data to transition or other services involved.
* This means upgrades can be done by installing fresh, and replicating in the changes, which is better tested in Samba, gains new features and avoids a number of lingering data corruption risks.
* The DC and file-server have different points at which an organisation would wish to upgrade. The needs for new features on the DC and file server come at different times. Currently the AD DC is evolving rapidly to gain features, whereas the fileserver, after over 20 years, is quite rightly more conservative.
* mandatory smb signing is enforced on the DC.


4. Under the profile tab, in the ''Profile path'', type the path to your share along with %USERNAME% as follows:


If you do decide to use the Samba DC as a fileserver, please consider running a VM, on the DC, containing a separate Samba Unix domain member and use this instead.
\\sambaserver.samdom.example.com\profiles\%USERNAME%


If you must use the Samba DC as a fileserver, you should be aware that the auto-enabled <code>acl_xattr</code> virtual file system (VFS) object enables you to only configure shares with Windows access control lists (ACL). Running shares with POSIX ACLs on a Samba DC is not supported and will not work.
5. click OK, logout and login as one of those users. When you logout again, you should see that the profile has been synced onto the samba server.


;Note
:An excellent walk-through on configuring Roaming Profiles and Folder Redirection is available [http://www.grouppolicy.biz/2010/08/best-practice-roaming-profiles-and-folder-redirection-a-k-a-user-virtualization/ here.]


To provide network shares with the full capabilities of Samba, set up a Samba domain member with file shares. For details, see:
= Adding Organization Units (OU) Into a Samba4 Domain =
* [[Setting_up_Samba_as_a_Domain_Member|Setting up Samba as a Domain Member]]
* [[Samba_File_Serving|Samba File Serving]]


The Organizational Unit (OU) is a powerful feature in Active
Directory. This is a type of container which allows you to drag & drop
users and/or computers into it.


If you only have a small domain (small office, home network) and do not want to follow the Samba team's recommendation and use the DC additionally as a file server, configure Winbindd before you start setting up shares. For details, see [[Configuring_Winbindd_on_a_Samba_AD_DC|Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC]].
We can link several types of group policies to an OU, and the settings
will push out to all users/computers that sit under the OU. Withing a single domain,
you can have as many OUs and sub-OUs as you'd like. The result is that
it can greatly reduce administrative overhead since you are able to
manage everything via an OU. The implementation of Group Policy will
be discussed in the next chapter.


Before we create an OU, we must know what one looks like. By default
we can see a sample OU called 'Domain Controllers', which uses a different
icon in the Windows management tools than the 'users' and 'computers'
containers. We can deploy Group Policy to the users or the computers container.


# To create an OU as the Domain Administrator, click Start -> Run -> dsa.msc
# Right click your domain.
# Select New -> Organizational Unit
# Type 'OU Demo'
# You will see a new OU appear, with the name 'OU Demo'.
# You can drag the user 'demo' into the new OU (Don't move other users! Unless you want to get stuck!).
# Right click 'OU Demo', A sub-OU can be created with New -> Organizational Unit.


Normally OUs are created according to the department setup of your
organization. Be careful not to confuse Groups and OUs. Groups are
used to control permissions, OUs are used for deploying settings to
all users/computers within the OU.


= Implementing Group Policies (GPO) in A Samba4 Domain =


= Troubleshooting =
Samba4 Active Directory has support for group policies, and can create
the group policy on the fly. The basic idea of group policies is:-


For further details, see [[Samba_AD_DC_Troubleshooting|Samba AD DC Troubleshooting]].
# Group Policies have two kinds of settings: computers and users.
# Computer settings apply to computers, while user settings apply to users.
# We link the group policy to a particular OU, and the group policy will effect all computers/users under the OU.
# To add a group policy, right click 'OU Demo' OU->properties.
# Choose group policy.
# Press new, and name it as 'GP Demo'.
# Press edit to modify the policy.
# Here will demonstrate how to block users from access to the control panel. Open the tree 'User Configuration'->'Administrative Templates'->'Control Panel'.
# Double click on 'Prohibit access to the Control Panel'.
# Press enabled and then press OK. Now the all users under 'OU Demo' won't able to access to the control panel.
# Make sure that the user 'demo' is inside the 'OU Demo' (You can drag and drop it).
# Logout and login as user 'demo'.
# You'll find user demo is not able to access control panel.


== Notes ==
:User configuration will take effect once you logout and login.
:Computer configuration will take effect when you restart the computer.
:GPO Password Policies are not read by Samba when assigning passwords, to change the policy that Samba uses you must use '''samba-tool domain passwordsettings'''


To learn more about managing and implementing organizational units, group policies, and Active Directory, try a web search for Google in Windows 2003 Active Directory implementation.


= Joining a Windows Domain Controller as an Additional DC in a Domain =


Once you have a Samba domain controller set up, you can choose to join
additional domain controllers to the domain, whether they be
additional Samba domain controllers, or additional Windows domain
controllers.


= Further Samba-related Documentation =
If you wish to join an additional Samba domain controller to a domain,
then please see the [[Samba4/HOWTO/Join a domain as a DC|Joining a domain as a DC]] page. The instructions
on that page are the same for joining Samba to a Windows domain as
they are for joining Samba to an existing Samba domain.


See [[User_Documentation|User Documentation]].
If you wish to join a new Windows domain controller to a Samba domain,
then you should use the 'dcpromo' tool on the Windows machine. Please
see the normal instructions for installing dcpromo on Windows, with
the exception that you should not check the 'DNS server' option box
when it is offered. Right now you should either use Windows for DNS,
or use Samba and bind9 for DNS. Mixing the two can work, but it is an
advanced topic that is beyond the scope of this howto.


= Migrating an Existing Samba3 Domain to Samba4 =


It is very likely that you already have a running Samba3 domain on your network. The question is, how do you migrate that domain and all of its users and machines over to a new Samba4 based domain without having to move every user profile and machine to the new domain? The answer is the [[Samba4/samba-tool/domain/classicupgrade/HOWTO|samba-tool domain classicupgrade]] function.


= Report Your Success/Failure! =


Samba4, as a replicating domain controller, is still developing rapidly.
We'd like to hear from users about their successes and
failures. While Samba4 is still in alpha release, we would encourage
you to report both your successes and failures to the samba-technical
mailing list on http://lists.samba.org


----
Please be aware that Samba4 is not complete, and therefore, should be deployed carefully until it is ready for a non-alpha release.
[[Category:Domain Control]]
[[Category:Active Directory]]

Revision as of 15:57, 17 August 2018

Introduction

Starting from version 4.0, Samba is able to run as an Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC). If you are installing Samba in a production environment, it is recommended to run two or more DCs for failover reasons.

This documentation describes how to set up Samba as the first DC to build a new AD forest. Additionally, use this documentation if you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to Samba AD. To join Samba as an additional DC to an existing AD forest, see Joining a Samba DC to an Existing Active Directory.

Samba as an AD DC only supports:

Samba uses the MIT KDC provided by your operating system if you run Samba 4.7 or later and has been built using the --with-system-mitkrb5 option. In other cases Samba uses the Heimdal KDC included in Samba. For further details about Samba using the MIT KDC, see Running a Samba AD DC with MIT Kerberos KDC.



Preparing the Installation

  • Select a host name for your AD DC.
Do not use NT4-only terms as host name, such as PDC or BDC. These modes do not exist in an AD and cause confusion.
  • Select a DNS domain for your AD forest. The name will also be used as the AD Kerberos realm.
For additional information, see Active Directory Naming FAQ.
  • Use a static IP address on the DC.
  • Disable tools, such as resolvconf, that automatically update your /etc/resolv.conf DNS resolver configuration file. AD DCs and domain members must use an DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zones.
  • Verify that no Samba processes are running:
# ps ax | egrep "samba|smbd|nmbd|winbindd"
If the output lists any samba, smbd, nmbd, or winbindd processes, shut down the processes.
  • Verify that the /etc/hosts file on the DC correctly resolves the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) and short host name to the LAN IP address of the DC. For example:
127.0.0.1     localhost localhost.localdomain
10.99.0.1     DC1.samdom.example.com     DC1
The host name and FQDN must not resolve to the 127.0.0.1 IP address or any other IP address than the one used on the LAN interface of the DC.
  • If you previously ran a Samba installation on this host:
  • Remove the existing smb.conf file. To list the path to the file:
# smbd -b | grep "CONFIGFILE"
   CONFIGFILE: /usr/local/samba/etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Remove all Samba database files, such as *.tdb and *.ldb files. To list the folders containing Samba databases:
# smbd -b | egrep "LOCKDIR|STATEDIR|CACHEDIR|PRIVATE_DIR"
  LOCKDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/lock/
  STATEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/locks/
  CACHEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/cache/
  PRIVATE_DIR: /usr/local/samba/private/
Starting with a clean environment helps to prevent confusion and ensures that no files from any previous Samba installation will be mixed with your new domain DC installation.
  • Remove an existing /etc/krb5.conf file:
# rm /etc/krb5.conf



Installing Samba

For details, see Installing Samba.



Provisioning a Samba Active Directory

The Samba AD provisioning process creates the AD databases and adds initial records, such as the domain administrator account and required DNS entries.

If you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to AD, skip this step and run the Samba classic upgrade. For details, see Migrating a Samba NT4 Domain to Samba AD (Classic Upgrade).


The samba-tool domain provision command provides several parameters to use with the interactive and non-interactive setup. For details, see:

# samba-tool domain provision --help



Parameter Explanation

Set the following parameters during the provisioning:

Interactive Mode Setting Non-interactive Mode Parameter Explanation
--use-rfc2307 --use-rfc2307 Enables the NIS extensions.
Realm --realm Kerberos realm. This is also used as the AD DNS domain. For example: samdom.example.com.
Domain --domain NetBIOS domain name. It is recommended to use the first part of the AD DNS domain. For example: samdom.
Server Role --server-role Installs the domain controller DC role.
DNS backend --dns-backend Sets the DNS back end. The first DC in an AD must be installed using a DNS back end. Note that the BIND9_FLATFILE is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version.
DNS forwarder IP address not available This setting is only available when using the SAMBA_INTERNAL DNS back end. For details, see Setting up a DNS Forwarder.
Administrator password --adminpass Sets the domain administrator password. If the password does not match the complexity requirements, the provisioning fails. For details, see Microsoft TechNet: Passwords must meet complexity requirements.

Other parameters frequently used with the samba-tool domain provision command:

  • --option="interfaces=lo eth0" --option="bind interfaces only=yes": If your server has multiple network interfaces, use these options to bind Samba to the specified interfaces. This enables the samba-tool command to register the correct LAN IP address in the directory during the join.



Provisioning Samba AD in Interactive Mode

To provision a Samba AD interactively, run:

# samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 --interactive
Realm [SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]: SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
 Domain [SAMDOM]: SAMDOM
 Server Role (dc, member, standalone) [dc]: dc
 DNS backend (SAMBA_INTERNAL, BIND9_FLATFILE, BIND9_DLZ, NONE) [SAMBA_INTERNAL]: SAMBA_INTERNAL
 DNS forwarder IP address (write 'none' to disable forwarding) [10.99.0.1]: 8.8.8.8
Administrator password: Passw0rd
Retype password: Passw0rd
Looking up IPv4 addresses
Looking up IPv6 addresses
No IPv6 address will be assigned
Setting up share.ldb
Setting up secrets.ldb
Setting up the registry
Setting up the privileges database
Setting up idmap db
Setting up SAM db
Setting up sam.ldb partitions and settings
Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE
Pre-loading the Samba 4 and AD schema
Adding DomainDN: DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Adding configuration container
Setting up sam.ldb schema
Setting up sam.ldb configuration data
Setting up display specifiers
Modifying display specifiers
Adding users container                                                                                                                                                                                        
Modifying users container                                                                                                                                                                                     
Adding computers container                                                                                                                                                                                    
Modifying computers container                                                                                                                                                                                 
Setting up sam.ldb data                                                                                                                                                                                       
Setting up well known security principals                                                                                                                                                                     
Setting up sam.ldb users and groups                                                                                                                                                                           
Setting up self join                                                                                                                                                                                          
Adding DNS accounts                                                                                                                                                                                           
Creating CN=MicrosoftDNS,CN=System,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com                                                                                                                                                
Creating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions                                                                                                                                                         
Populating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions                                                                                                                                                       
Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE marking as synchronized                                                                                                                                                            
Fixing provision GUIDs                                                                                                                                                                                        
A Kerberos configuration suitable for Samba 4 has been generated at /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf                                                                                                        
Setting up fake yp server settings                                                                                                                                                                            
Once the above files are installed, your Samba4 server will be ready to use                                                                                                                                   
Server Role:           active directory domain controller                                                                                                                                                     
Hostname:              DC1                                                                                                                                                                                    
NetBIOS Domain:        SAMDOM                                                                                                                                                                                 
DNS Domain:            samdom.example.com                                                                                                                                                                     
DOMAIN SID:            S-1-5-21-2614513918-2685075268-614796884


Provisioning Samba AD in Non-interactive Mode

For example, to provision a Samba AD non-interactively with the following settings:

  • Server role: dc
  • NIS extensions enabled
  • Internal DNS back end
  • Kerberos realm and AD DNS zone: samdom.example.com
  • NetBIOS domain name: SAMDOM
  • Domain administrator password: Passw0rd
# samba-tool domain provision --server-role=dc --use-rfc2307 --dns-backend=SAMBA_INTERNAL --realm=SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM --domain=SAMDOM --adminpass=Passw0rd



Setting up the AD DNS back end

Skip this step if you provisioned the DC using the SAMBA_INTERNAL DNS back end.

  • Start the BIND DNS server. For example:
# systemctl start named
For details how to start services, see you distribution's documentation.



Configuring the DNS Resolver

Domain members in an AD use DNS to locate services, such as LDAP and Kerberos. For that, they need to use a DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zone.

On your DC, set the AD DNS domain in the domain and the IP of your DC in the nameserver parameter of the /etc/resolv.conf file. For example:

search samdom.example.com
nameserver 10.99.0.1



Create a reverse zone

You can optionally add a reverse lookup zone.

# samba-tool dns zonecreate <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa
Password for [administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]:
Zone 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa created successfully

If you need more than one reverse zone (multiple subnets), just run the above command again but with the data for the other subnet.

The reverse zone is directly live without restarting Samba or BIND.



Configuring Kerberos

In an AD, Kerberos is used to authenticate users, machines, and services.

During the provisioning, Samba created a Kerberos configuration file for your DC. Copy this file to your operating system's Kerberos configuration. For example:

# cp /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf

The pre-created Kerberos configuration uses DNS service (SRV) resource records to locate the KDC.



Testing your Samba AD DC

To start the samba service manually, enter:

# samba

Samba does not provide System V init scripts, systemd, upstart, or other services configuration files.

  • If you installed Samba using packages, use the script or service configuration file included in the package to start Samba.
  • If you built Samba, see Managing the Samba AD DC Service.


Verifying the File Server

To list all shares provided by the DC:

$ smbclient -L localhost -U%
Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z]

        Sharename       Type      Comment
        ---------       ----      -------
        netlogon        Disk      
        sysvol          Disk      
        IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba x.y.z)
Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z]

        Server               Comment
        ---------            -------

        Workgroup            Master
        ---------            -------

To verify authentication, connect to the netlogon share using the domain administrator account:

$ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -UAdministrator -c 'ls'
Enter Administrator's password: 
Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z]
 .                                   D        0  Tue Nov  1 08:40:00 2016
 ..                                  D        0  Tue Nov  1 08:40:00 2016

               49386 blocks of size 524288. 42093 blocks available

If one or more tests fail, see Troubleshooting.


Verifying DNS

To verify that your AD DNS configuration works correctly, query some DNS records:

  • The tcp-based _ldap SRV record in the domain:
$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com.
_ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 dc1.samdom.example.com.
  • The udp-based _kerberos SRV resource record in the domain:
$ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com.
_kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 dc1.samdom.example.com.
  • The A record of the domain controller:
$ host -t A dc1.samdom.example.com.
dc1.samdom.example.com has address 10.99.0.1

If one or more tests fail, see Troubleshooting.


Verifying Kerberos

  • Request a Kerberos ticket for the domain administrator account:
$ kinit administrator
Password for administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM:
  • List the cached Kerberos tickets:
$ klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM

Valid starting       Expires              Service principal
01.11.2016 08:45:00  12.11.2016 18:45:00  krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
	renew until 02.11.2016 08:44:59

If one or more tests fail, see Troubleshooting.



Configuring Time Synchronisation

Kerberos requires a synchronised time on all domain members. For further details and how to set up the ntpd service, see Time Synchronisation.



Using the Domain Controller as a File Server

Whilst the Samba AD DC is able to provide file shares, just like all other installation modes, the Samba team does not recommend using a DC as a file server for the following reasons:

  • For anything but the smallest organisations, having more than one DC is a really good backup measure, and makes upgrades safer
  • It encourages upgrades of the DC to also be upgrades of the host OS every year or two, because there isn't complex data to transition or other services involved.
  • This means upgrades can be done by installing fresh, and replicating in the changes, which is better tested in Samba, gains new features and avoids a number of lingering data corruption risks.
  • The DC and file-server have different points at which an organisation would wish to upgrade. The needs for new features on the DC and file server come at different times. Currently the AD DC is evolving rapidly to gain features, whereas the fileserver, after over 20 years, is quite rightly more conservative.
  • mandatory smb signing is enforced on the DC.


If you do decide to use the Samba DC as a fileserver, please consider running a VM, on the DC, containing a separate Samba Unix domain member and use this instead.

If you must use the Samba DC as a fileserver, you should be aware that the auto-enabled acl_xattr virtual file system (VFS) object enables you to only configure shares with Windows access control lists (ACL). Running shares with POSIX ACLs on a Samba DC is not supported and will not work.


To provide network shares with the full capabilities of Samba, set up a Samba domain member with file shares. For details, see:


If you only have a small domain (small office, home network) and do not want to follow the Samba team's recommendation and use the DC additionally as a file server, configure Winbindd before you start setting up shares. For details, see Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC.



Troubleshooting

For further details, see Samba AD DC Troubleshooting.



Further Samba-related Documentation

See User Documentation.