Setting up Samba as an Active Directory Domain Controller: Difference between revisions
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= Introduction = |
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tridge@samba.org, December 2004 |
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Starting from version 4.0, Samba is able to run as an Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC). If you are installing Samba in a production environment, it is recommended to run two or more DCs for failover reasons. |
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Updates: |
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asn@redhat.com, December 2009 |
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tridge@samba.org, February 2010 (for alpha12) |
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mat@samba.org, Jully 2010 (adapt to waf build) |
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This documentation describes how to set up Samba as the first DC to build a new AD forest. Additionally, use this documentation if you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to Samba AD. To join Samba as an additional DC to an existing AD forest, see [[Joining_a_Samba_DC_to_an_Existing_Active_Directory|Joining a Samba DC to an Existing Active Directory]]. |
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Samba as an AD DC only supports: |
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This is a very basic document on how to setup a simple Samba4 |
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* the integrated LDAP server as AD back end. For details, see the frequently asked question (FAQ) [[FAQ#Does_Samba_AD_DCs_Support_OpenLDAP_or_Other_LDAP_Servers_as_Back_End.3F|Does Samba AD DCs Support OpenLDAP or Other LDAP Servers as Back End?]] |
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server. This is aimed at people who are already familiar with Samba3 |
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* the [https://web.mit.edu/kerberos/ MIT] and [http://www.h5l.se/ Heimdal] Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC). |
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and wish to participate in Samba4 development or test the alpha |
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: Samba uses the MIT KDC provided by your operating system if you run Samba 4.7 or later and has been built using the <code>--with-system-mitkrb5</code> option. In other cases Samba uses the Heimdal KDC included in Samba. For further details about Samba using the MIT KDC, see [[Running a Samba AD DC with MIT Kerberos KDC]]. |
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releases of Samba4. This is not aimed at general production use of |
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Samba4, although some brave sites are running Samba4 in production |
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based on these instructions. |
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== Video demonstrations of this HOWTO == |
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A set of [[samba4/videos|demonstration videos]] is available that |
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may provide a useful overview of this contents of this HOWTO |
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== A note on alpha versions == |
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Samba4 is developing very rapidly. This HOWTO has recently been |
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updates to reflect the changes made in February 2010 in preparation |
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for the Samba4-alpha12 release. As of today, the alpha12 release has |
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not been done, although we expect it to be made soon. To completely |
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follow these instructions you will need a up to date git version of |
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Samba4, checked out on February 26th 2010 or later. |
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= Preparing the Installation = |
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== Step 1: Download Samba4 == |
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* Select a host name for your AD DC. |
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If you have downloaded the Samba4 code via a tarball released from the |
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: Do not use NT4-only terms as host name, such as <code>PDC</code> or <code>BDC</code>. These modes do not exist in an AD and cause confusion. |
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samba.org website, Step 1 has already been completed for you. For testing |
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with the version released in the tarball, you may continue on to Step 2. |
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* Select a DNS domain for your AD forest. The name will also be used as the AD Kerberos realm. |
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Note that the references below to the top-level directory named |
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: {{Imbox |
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"samba-master" will instead be based on the name of the tarball |
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| type = important |
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downloaded (e.g. "samba-4.0.0alpha11" for the tarball |
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| text = Make sure that you provision the AD using a DNS domain that will not need to be changed. Samba does not support renaming the AD DNS zone and Kerberos realm. |
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samba-4.0.0alpha11.tar.gz). Also note that in the "master" branch the |
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}} |
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samba4 code is located in in the "source4/" subdirectory (it was in |
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: For additional information, see [[Active_Directory_Naming_FAQ|Active Directory Naming FAQ]]. |
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"source/" subdirectory in the "v4-0-test" branch). |
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* Use a static IP address on the DC. |
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There are 2 methods of doing this: |
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* Disable tools, such as <code>resolvconf</code>, that automatically update your <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> DNS resolver configuration file. AD DCs and domain members must use an DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zones. |
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* via git |
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* via rsync |
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* Verify that no Samba processes are running: |
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Both methods will create a directory called "samba-master" in the current |
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# ps ax | egrep "samba|smbd|nmbd|winbindd" |
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directory. If you don't have rsync or git then install one of them. |
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: If the output lists any <code>samba</code>, <code>smbd</code>, <code>nmbd</code>, or <code>winbindd</code> processes, shut down the processes. |
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* Verify that the <code>/etc/hosts</code> file on the DC correctly resolves the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) and short host name to the LAN IP address of the DC. For example: |
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If you have a choice, we strongly recommend using the git method for |
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127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain |
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downloading Samba, as it makes getting updates easier, and also allows |
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10.99.0.1 DC1.samdom.example.com DC1 |
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you to integrate test patches from Samba developers more easily in |
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:The host name and FQDN must not resolve to the <code>127.0.0.1</code> IP address or any other IP address than the one used on the LAN interface of the DC. |
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case of problems. |
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* If you previously ran a Samba installation on this host: |
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=== git === |
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:* Remove the existing <code>smb.conf</code> file. To list the path to the file: |
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# smbd -b | grep "CONFIGFILE" |
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$ git clone git://git.samba.org/samba.git samba-master; cd samba-master |
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CONFIGFILE: /usr/local/samba/etc/samba/smb.conf |
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:* Remove all Samba database files, such as <code>*.tdb</code> and <code>*.ldb</code> files. To list the folders containing Samba databases: |
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If you want to update the tree to the latest version run: |
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# smbd -b | egrep "LOCKDIR|STATEDIR|CACHEDIR|PRIVATE_DIR" |
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$ git pull |
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LOCKDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/lock/ |
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STATEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/locks/ |
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CACHEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/cache/ |
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PRIVATE_DIR: /usr/local/samba/private/ |
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: Starting with a clean environment helps to prevent confusion and ensures that no files from any previous Samba installation will be mixed with your new domain DC installation. |
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=== rsync === |
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* Remove an existing <code>/etc/krb5.conf</code> file: |
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$ rsync -avz samba.org::ftp/unpacked/samba_4_0_test/ samba-master |
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# rm /etc/krb5.conf |
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Note that the above rsync command will give you a checked out git |
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repository, but it's is missing all git objects. To turn it into |
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a working git repository you need to do the following steps: |
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$ cd samba-master/ |
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$ rm .git/objects/info/alternates |
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$ rm .git/refs/tags/* |
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$ rm -r .git/refs/remotes/ |
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$ git config remote.origin.url git://git.samba.org/samba.git |
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$ git config --add remote.origin.fetch +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/* (this line is optional) |
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$ git fetch |
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Note you can ignore this error from git fetch: |
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error: refs/heads/master does not point to a valid object! |
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Also note that the git fetch will download the complete git history |
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(about 160 MB with all the tags and about 125 MB without old tags). |
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You can update it to the latest version at some future date using: |
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= Installing Samba = |
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$ git pull |
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For details, see [[Installing_Samba|Installing Samba]]. |
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{{Imbox |
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== Step 2: Compile Samba4 == |
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| type = note |
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| text = Only install a maintained Samba version. For details, see [[Samba_Release_Planning|Samba Release Planning]]. |
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}} |
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Recommended optional development libraries: |
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*acl and xattr development libraries (libattr1-dev package in Debian/Ubuntu) |
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*blkid development libraries (libblkid-dev package in Debian/Ubuntu) |
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*gnutls (libgnutls-dev package in Debian/Ubuntu) |
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*readline (libreadline5-dev package in Debian/Ubuntu) |
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*Python development libraries (python-dev in Debian/Ubuntu) required to compile |
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*Autoconf for autogen. |
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Combined |
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For Debian: |
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$ apt-get install build-essential libattr1-dev libblkid-dev libgnutls-dev libreadline5-dev python-dev autoconf python-dnspython gdb |
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For Fedora: |
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$ yum install libacl-devel libblkid-devel gnutls-devel readline-devel python-devel gdb |
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= Provisioning a Samba Active Directory = |
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Since only released versions of Samba contain a pre-generated configure script, |
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you will have to generate it by hand if you downloaded the source with rsync or git: |
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The Samba AD provisioning process creates the AD databases and adds initial records, such as the domain administrator account and required DNS entries. |
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$ cd samba-master/source4 |
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$ ./autogen.sh |
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If you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to AD, skip this step and run the Samba classic upgrade. For details, see [[Migrating_a_Samba_NT4_Domain_to_Samba_AD_(Classic_Upgrade)|Migrating a Samba NT4 Domain to Samba AD (Classic Upgrade)]]. |
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Run this: |
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{{Imbox |
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$ cd samba-master/source4 |
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| type = note |
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$ ./configure.developer |
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| text = The AD provisioning requires root permissions to create files and set permissions. |
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$ make |
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}} |
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The above command will setup Samba4 to install in /usr/local/samba. If |
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you want Samba to install somewhere else then you should use the |
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--prefix option to configure.developer. |
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The <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command provides several parameters to use with the interactive and non-interactive setup. For details, see: |
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The reason we recommend using configure.developer rather than |
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configure for Samba4 alpha releases is that it will include extra |
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debug information that will help us diagnose problems in case of |
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failures. It will also allow you to run the various builtin automatic |
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tests. |
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# samba-tool domain provision --help |
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After building Samba, we recommend that you run |
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$ make quicktest |
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{{Imbox |
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That will run a short (approximately 2 minute) set of tests to |
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| type = note |
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validate your build of Samba. While we try to be careful to ensure |
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| text = When provisioning a new AD, it is recommended to enable the NIS extensions by passing the <code>--use-rfc2307</code> parameter to the <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command. This enables you to store Unix attributes in AD, such as user IDs (UID), home directories paths, group IDs (GID). Enabling the NIS extensions has no disadvantages. However, enabling them in an existing domain requires manually extending the AD schema. For further details about Unix attributes in AD, see: |
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that all builds of Samba in the git repository are usable, sometimes a |
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* [[Setting_up_RFC2307_in_AD|Setting up RFC2307 in AD]] |
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bug slips through, and 'make quicktest' is a fast way of checking that |
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* [[Idmap_config_ad|idmap config = ad]] |
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your build passes basic tests. |
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}} |
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The output of 'make quicktest' should end in a "ALL OK" message. If it |
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doesn't, then please ask on the samba-technical mailing list or |
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the #samba-technical IRC channel. |
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== Step 3: Install Samba4 == |
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== Parameter Explanation == |
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Run this as a user who have permission to write to the install |
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directory (which defaults to /usr/local/samba). Use --prefix option to |
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configure.developer above to change this. |
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$ make install |
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Set the following parameters during the provisioning: |
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For the rest of this HOWTO we will assume that you have installed |
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Samba4 in the default location, which is /usr/local/samba. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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== Step 4: Provision Samba4 == |
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!Interactive Mode Setting |
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!Non-interactive Mode Parameter |
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!Explanation |
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|- |
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|<code>--use-rfc2307</code> |
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|<code>--use-rfc2307</code> |
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|Enables the NIS extensions. |
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|- |
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|<code>Realm</code> |
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|<code>--realm</code> |
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|Kerberos realm. This is also used as the AD DNS domain. For example: <code>samdom.example.com</code>. |
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|- |
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|<code>Domain</code> |
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|<code>--domain</code> |
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|NetBIOS domain name. It is recommended to use the first part of the AD DNS domain. For example: <code>samdom</code>. |
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|- |
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|<code>Server Role</code> |
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|<code>--server-role</code> |
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|Installs the domain controller <code>DC</code> role. |
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|- |
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|<code>DNS backend</code> |
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|<code>--dns-backend</code> |
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|Sets the DNS back end. The first DC in an AD must be installed using a DNS back end. Note that the <code>BIND9_FLATFILE</code> is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
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|- |
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|<code>DNS forwarder IP address</code> |
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|not available |
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|This setting is only available when using the <code>SAMBA_INTERNAL</code> DNS back end. For details, see [[Samba_Internal_DNS_Back_End#Setting_up_a_DNS_Forwarder|Setting up a DNS Forwarder]]. |
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|- |
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|<code>Administrator password</code> |
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|<code>--adminpass</code> |
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|Sets the domain administrator password. If the password does not match the complexity requirements, the provisioning fails. For details, see [https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc786468%28v=ws.10%29.aspx Microsoft TechNet: Passwords must meet complexity requirements]. |
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|} |
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Other parameters frequently used with the <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command: |
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The "provision" step sets up a basic user database, and is used when you are setting up your Samba4 |
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* <code>--option="interfaces=lo eth0" --option="bind interfaces only=yes"</code>: If your server has multiple network interfaces, use these options to bind Samba to the specified interfaces. This enables the <code>samba-tool</code> command to register the correct LAN IP address in the directory during the join. |
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server in its own domain. If you instead want to setup your Samba4 server as an additional domain controller |
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in an existing domain, then please see the separate page on [[Samba4 joining a domain]]. |
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In the following examples we will assume your DNS domain name is |
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'samdom.example.com' and your short (also known as NT4) domain name is |
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'samdom'. We will assume that your Samba servers hostname is samba. |
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{{Imbox |
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It must be run as a user with permission to write to the install directory (which means you may need to run this command with sudo) |
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| type = note |
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| text = do NOT use <code>NONE</code> as the DNS backend, it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
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}} |
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{{Imbox |
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$ cd samba-master/source4 |
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| type = note |
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$ ./setup/provision --realm=samdom.example.com --domain=SAMDOM --adminpass=SOMEPASSWORD --server-role='domain controller' |
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| text = If using Bind as the DNS backend, do NOT use <code>BIND9_FLATFILE</code>, it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
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}} |
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{{Imbox |
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If you get an error like this: |
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| type = important |
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tdb_open_ex: could not open file /usr/local/samba/private/sam.ldb.d/DC=SAMDOM,DC=EXAMPLE,DC=COM. ldb: Permission denied |
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| text = Once you have provisioned the first DC in an AD domain, do not provision any further DCs in the same domain, [[Joining_a_Samba_DC_to_an_Existing_Active_Directory|Join]] any further DCs. |
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then you need to rerun with sudo |
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}} |
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Troubleshooting note: |
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you may need to rm the smb.conf file if you failed to pass valid names and provision previously failed |
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There are many other options you can pass to the 'provision' command, run it with the --help option to see a list of them. |
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== Provisioning Samba AD in Interactive Mode == |
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== Step 5: Starting Samba4 == |
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To provision a Samba AD interactively, run: |
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If you are planning to run Samba4 as a production server, then just run the "samba" binary as root |
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# samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 --interactive |
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# samba |
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Realm [SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]: SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
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Domain [SAMDOM]: SAMDOM |
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Server Role (dc, member, standalone) [dc]: dc |
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DNS backend (SAMBA_INTERNAL, BIND9_FLATFILE, BIND9_DLZ, NONE) [SAMBA_INTERNAL]: SAMBA_INTERNAL |
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DNS forwarder IP address (write 'none' to disable forwarding) [10.99.0.1]: 8.8.8.8 |
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Administrator password: Passw0rd |
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Retype password: Passw0rd |
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Looking up IPv4 addresses |
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Looking up IPv6 addresses |
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No IPv6 address will be assigned |
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Setting up share.ldb |
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Setting up secrets.ldb |
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Setting up the registry |
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Setting up the privileges database |
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Setting up idmap db |
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Setting up SAM db |
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Setting up sam.ldb partitions and settings |
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Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE |
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Pre-loading the Samba 4 and AD schema |
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Adding DomainDN: DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com |
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Adding configuration container |
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Setting up sam.ldb schema |
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Setting up sam.ldb configuration data |
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Setting up display specifiers |
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Modifying display specifiers |
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Adding users container |
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Modifying users container |
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Adding computers container |
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Modifying computers container |
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Setting up sam.ldb data |
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Setting up well known security principals |
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Setting up sam.ldb users and groups |
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Setting up self join |
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Adding DNS accounts |
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Creating CN=MicrosoftDNS,CN=System,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com |
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Creating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions |
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Populating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions |
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Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE marking as synchronized |
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Fixing provision GUIDs |
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A Kerberos configuration suitable for Samba 4 has been generated at /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf |
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Setting up fake yp server settings |
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Once the above files are installed, your Samba4 server will be ready to use |
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Server Role: active directory domain controller |
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Hostname: DC1 |
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NetBIOS Domain: SAMDOM |
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DNS Domain: samdom.example.com |
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DOMAIN SID: S-1-5-21-2614513918-2685075268-614796884 |
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{{Imbox |
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That will run Samba4 in 'standard' mode, which is suitable for |
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| type = note |
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production use. Samba4 alpha12 doesn't yet have init scripts included |
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| text = The interactive provisioning mode supports passing further parameters to the <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command. This enables you to modify parameters that are not part of the interactive setup. |
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for each platform, but making one for your platform should not be |
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}} |
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difficult. |
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If you are running Samba4 as a developer you may find |
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the following more useful: |
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# samba -i -M single |
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== Provisioning Samba AD in Non-interactive Mode == |
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that means start "samba" with messages in stdout, and running a |
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single process. That mode of operation makes debugging "samba" with gdb |
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particularly easy. If you want to launch it under gdb, then the following |
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example could be useful: |
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For example, to provision a Samba AD non-interactively with the following settings: |
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$ sudo gdb --args bin/samba -i -M single |
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* Server role: <code>dc</code> |
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* NIS extensions enabled |
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* Internal DNS back end |
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* Kerberos realm and AD DNS zone: <code>samdom.example.com</code> |
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* NetBIOS domain name: <code>SAMDOM</code> |
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* Domain administrator password: <code>Passw0rd</code> |
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# samba-tool domain provision --server-role=dc --use-rfc2307 --dns-backend=SAMBA_INTERNAL --realm=SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM --domain=SAMDOM --adminpass=Passw0rd |
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Note that if you are running any Samba3 smbd or nmbd processes |
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they need to be stopped before starting "samba" from Samba 4. |
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Make sure you put the bin and sbin directories from your new install |
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in your $PATH or you may end up running the wrong version. You can see what version |
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you have by running "samba -V". |
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Note: in older developer versions of samba4 "samba" was still called "smbd". |
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== Step 6: Testing Samba4 == |
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=== smbclient === |
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= Setting up the AD DNS back end = |
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Try this command: |
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Skip this step if you provisioned the DC using the <code>SAMBA_INTERNAL</code> DNS back end. |
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$ smbclient -L localhost -U% |
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* Set up the BIND DNS server and the <code>BIND9_DLZ</code> module. For details, see [[Setting_up_a_BIND_DNS_Server|Setting up a BIND DNS Server]]. |
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That should show you a list of shares available on your server. For example: |
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* Start the BIND DNS server. For example: |
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Sharename Type Comment |
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# systemctl start named |
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--------- ---- ------- |
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: For details how to start services, see you distribution's documentation. |
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test Disk |
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netlogon Disk |
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sysvol Disk |
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IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 4.0.0alpha12-GIT-5e755e9) |
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ADMIN$ Disk DISK Service (Samba 4.0.0alpha12-GIT-5e755e9) |
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The 'netlogon' and 'sysvol' shares are basic shares needed for Active Directory server |
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operation. |
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To test that authentication is working, you should try to connect to the netlogon share |
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using the administrator password you set earlier. |
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$ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -Uadministrator%PASSWORD |
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= Configuring the DNS Resolver = |
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You should get a "smb>" prompt, and access to your netlogon directory. |
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Domain members in an AD use DNS to locate services, such as LDAP and Kerberos. For that, they need to use a DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zone. |
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On your DC, set the AD DNS domain in the <code>domain</code> and the IP of your DC in the <code>nameserver</code> parameter of the <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> file. For example: |
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domain samdom.example.com |
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== Step 7 Create a share in smb.conf == |
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nameserver 10.99.0.1 |
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The provisioning will create a very simple smb.conf with no shares by |
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default. For the server to be useful you will need to update it to |
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have at least one share. For example: |
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[test] |
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path = /data/test |
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read only = no |
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Note that in current alpha versions of Samba4 you need to restart Samba |
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to make new shares visible. This will be fixed in a future release. |
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== Step 8 Configure DNS == |
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= Configuring Kerberos = |
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A working DNS setup is essential to the correct operation of |
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Samba4. Without the right DNS entries, kerberos won't work, which in |
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turn means that many of the basic features of Samba4 won't work. |
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In an AD, Kerberos is used to authenticate users, machines, and services. |
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It is worth spending some extra time to ensure your DNS setup is just |
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right, as debugging problems caused by mis-configured DNS can take a |
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lot of time later on. |
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During the provisioning, Samba created a Kerberos configuration file for your DC. Copy this file to your operating system's Kerberos configuration. For example: |
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The simplest way to get a working DNS setup for Samba4 is to start |
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with the DNS zone and configuration files that are created by the |
|||
'provision' step above. If you look in /usr/local/samba/private |
|||
directory, you'll find a file called 'named.conf' and another one |
|||
called samdom.example.com.zone (adjusted for your real DNS domain name |
|||
of course!). |
|||
# cp /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf |
|||
Assuming your have a bind9 DNS server installed, you can activate the |
|||
configuration that the provision has created by adding a line like |
|||
this to /etc/bind/named.conf.local: |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
include "/usr/local/samba/private/named.conf"; |
|||
| type = important |
|||
| text = Do not create a symbolic link to the the generated <code>krb5.conf</code> file. In Samba 4.7 and later, the <code>/usr/local/samba/private/</code> directory is no longer accessible by other users than the <code>root</code> user. If the file is a symbolic link, other users are not able to read the file and, for example, dynamic DNS updates fail if you use the <code>BIND_DLZ</code> DNS back end. |
|||
}} |
|||
The pre-created Kerberos configuration uses DNS service (SRV) resource records to locate the KDC. |
|||
After adding that line you should restart your bind server and check |
|||
in the system logs for any problems. |
|||
One common problem is that many modern Linux distributions activate |
|||
'Apparmor' or 'SELinux' by default, and these may be configured to |
|||
deny access to bind for your the named.conf and zone files created in |
|||
the provision. If your bind logs show that bind is getting a access |
|||
denied error accessing these files then please see your local system |
|||
documentation for how to enable access to these files in bind (hint: |
|||
for Apparmor systems such as Ubuntu, the command aa-logprof may be |
|||
useful). |
|||
Now you need to test that DNS is working correctly. Check that your |
|||
/etc/resolv.conf is pointing correctly at your local DNS server, then |
|||
run the following commands: |
|||
$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com. |
|||
_ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 samba.samdom.example.com. |
|||
$ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com. |
|||
_kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 samba.samdom.example.com. |
|||
= Testing your Samba AD DC = |
|||
$ host -t A samba.samdom.example.com. |
|||
samba.samdom.example.com has address 10.0.0.1 |
|||
To start the <code>samba</code> service manually, enter: |
|||
Check that you get answers similar to the ones above (adjusted for |
|||
your DNS domain name and hostname). If you get any errors then |
|||
carefully check your system logs to find and fix the problem. |
|||
# samba |
|||
*Note: One of the problems I've had on Debian system is that the zone autogeneration always detects, and uses, 127.0.1.1 as the domain controller's IP address. That works fine until you 1) Don't have a 127.0.1.1 interface on the machine or 2) Go to join your first client to the domain. In /usr/local/samba/private/named.conf you might need to change 127.0.1.1 to reflect the actual IP address of the server you're setting up. |
|||
Samba does not provide System V init scripts, <code>systemd</code>, <code>upstart</code>, or other services configuration files. |
|||
== Step 9: Testing kerberos == |
|||
* If you installed Samba using packages, use the script or service configuration file included in the package to start Samba. |
|||
* If you built Samba, see [[Managing_the_Samba_AD_DC_Service|Managing the Samba AD DC Service]]. |
|||
Once DNS is working, you should test that kerberos server builtin to |
|||
Samba4 is working correctly. The easiest test is to use the kinit |
|||
command like this: |
|||
$ kinit administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
Password: |
|||
== Verifying the File Server == |
|||
''Note:''<br> |
|||
: You have to give your 'domain realm SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM' in <b>uppercase letters</b> to kinit. |
|||
To list all shares provided by the DC: |
|||
The kinit should completely successfully. After it completes you can |
|||
examine the received ticket like this: |
|||
$ smbclient -L localhost -U% |
|||
$ klist -e |
|||
Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] |
|||
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_1000 |
|||
Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
Sharename Type Comment |
|||
--------- ---- ------- |
|||
netlogon Disk |
|||
02/10/10 19:39:48 02/11/10 19:39:46 krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
sysvol Disk |
|||
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba x.y.z) |
|||
Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] |
|||
Server Comment |
|||
--------- ------- |
|||
Workgroup Master |
|||
--------- ------- |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
If you find you don't have kinit or klist, you may need to install them. On debian based |
|||
| type = note |
|||
systems (such as Ubuntu) the packages are called krb5-config and krb5-user. |
|||
| text = The <code>netlogon</code> and <code>sysvol</code> shares were auto-created during the provisioning and must exist on a DC. |
|||
}} |
|||
To verify authentication, connect to the <code>netlogon</code> share using the domain administrator account: |
|||
You can also test kerberos form a remote client, just make sure you have configure the |
|||
krb5.conf and the resolve.conf to point to the domain controller IP address. |
|||
$ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -UAdministrator -c 'ls' |
|||
''Note:''<br> |
|||
Enter Administrator's password: |
|||
: If you are using a client behind NAT then you have to add the following to the krb5.conf on the domain controller server: |
|||
Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] |
|||
. D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016 |
|||
.. D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016 |
|||
49386 blocks of size 524288. 42093 blocks available |
|||
If one or more tests fail, see [[#Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]]. |
|||
[kdc] |
|||
check-ticket-addresses = false |
|||
== Step 10 Configure kerberos DNS dynamic updates == |
|||
If you have a current version of bind9 (tested with bind version 9.6.1 |
|||
on Ubuntu), then the current Samba4 git tree will automatically setup |
|||
and configure a file called /usr/local/samba/private/named.conf.update, which you can include in your master named.conf to allow Samba/Kerberos DNS updates to automatically take place. Be advised that if you include this file in Bind versions that don't support it, Bind will fail to start. |
|||
== Verifying DNS == |
|||
You additionally need to set two environment variables for bind9: |
|||
To verify that your AD DNS configuration works correctly, query some DNS records: |
|||
KEYTAB_FILE="/usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab" |
|||
KRB5_KTNAME="/usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab" |
|||
export KEYTAB_FILE |
|||
export KRB5_KTNAME |
|||
* The tcp-based <code>_ldap</code> SRV record in the domain: |
|||
These should be put in your settings file for bind9. On Debian based |
|||
systems this is in /etc/default/bind9. On RedHat derived systems it is |
|||
in /etc/sysconfig/named. Strictly speaking you only either need |
|||
KEYTAB_FILE or KRB5_KTNAME, but which you need depends on your distro, |
|||
so it's easier to just set both. |
|||
$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com. |
|||
Then in your /etc/bind/named.conf.options you need this: |
|||
_ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 dc1.samdom.example.com. |
|||
* The udp-based <code>_kerberos</code> SRV resource record in the domain: |
|||
tkey-gssapi-credential "DNS/samba.samdom.example.com"; |
|||
tkey-domain "SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM"; |
|||
$ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com. |
|||
The hostname in the first line must match the 'additional' response from |
|||
_kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 dc1.samdom.example.com. |
|||
a SOA lookup on your domain name (you can check that with "host -v -t SOA samdom.example.com") |
|||
* The A record of the domain controller: |
|||
The way the automatic DNS update in Samba works is that the provision |
|||
will create a file /usr/local/samba/private/dns_update_list, which |
|||
contains a list of DNS entries that Samba will try to dynamically |
|||
update at startup and every 10 minutes thereafter. Updates will only |
|||
happen if the DNS entries do not already exist. |
|||
$ host -t A dc1.samdom.example.com. |
|||
If you want to debug this process, then please run this as root: |
|||
dc1.samdom.example.com has address 10.99.0.1 |
|||
If one or more tests fail, see [[#Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]]. |
|||
/usr/local/samba/sbin/samba_dnsupdate --verbose |
|||
that will give you more information on the updates that Samba is doing |
|||
at runtime, and show you any errors that are generated. |
|||
If you are joining Samba4 to an existing Windows DNS domain, or you |
|||
are using a Windows DNS server instead of bind9, then you need |
|||
bind version 9.7.2rc1 (or higher) for the nsupdate command to correctly work |
|||
with recent versions of Windows. If you don't have bind 9.7.2rc1 or better, |
|||
recent Windows clients (such as Windows7 and Win2K8) won't be able to |
|||
do dynamic DNS updates to your bind9 server, and bind9 won't be able |
|||
to do dynamic DNS updates against a Windows DNS server. |
|||
== Verifying Kerberos == |
|||
Until your distribution's Bind package is updated, |
|||
you can get an appropriate version like this (Applies for current Debian/Ubuntu-based systems). |
|||
* Request a Kerberos ticket for the domain administrator account: |
|||
$ sudo apt-get build-dep bind9 |
|||
$ sudo apt-get install ccache |
|||
$ wget http://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind9/9.7.2/bind-9.7.2.tar.gz |
|||
$ tar -xvf bind-9.7.2.tar.gz |
|||
$ cd bind-9.7.2 |
|||
$ kinit administrator |
|||
For some installations, you may want to change your prefix to /usr/local and keep the rest of the options. Alternatively, you can just build and install. |
|||
Password for administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM: |
|||
: {{Imbox |
|||
$ ./configure |
|||
| type = note |
|||
$ make |
|||
| text = The Kerberos realm is automatically appended, if you do not pass the principal in the <code>user@REALM</code> format to the <code>kinit</code> command.<br />Set Kerberos realms always in uppercase. |
|||
$ sudo make install |
|||
}} |
|||
* List the cached Kerberos tickets: |
|||
Now you have to ensure that bind can read the dns.keytab file, the |
|||
named.conf file and the zone file. It also needs to be able to write |
|||
the zone file. The Samba provision tries to setup the permissions |
|||
correctly for these files, but you may find you need to make changes |
|||
in your Apparmor or SELinux configuration if you are running either of |
|||
those. If you are using Apparmor then the aa-logprof command may help |
|||
you add any missing permissions you need to add after you start Samba |
|||
and bind9 for the first time after configuring them. |
|||
$ klist |
|||
You should also carefully check the permissions on the private/dns directory to ensure it is writable by bind. |
|||
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0 |
|||
Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
On some systems you may also find that you need to symlink the dns.keytab file as |
|||
/etc/krb5.keytab, as bind may not honor the environment variables for the location |
|||
of this file. |
|||
== NOTE about filesystem support == |
|||
To use the advanced features of Samba4 you need a filesystem that |
|||
supports both the "user" and "system" xattr namespaces. |
|||
If you run Linux with a 2.6 kernel and ext3 this means you need to |
|||
include the option "user_xattr" in your /etc/fstab. For example: |
|||
/dev/hda3 /home ext3 user_xattr 1 1 |
|||
You also need to compile your kernel with the XATTR and SECURITY |
|||
options for your filesystem. For ext3 that means you need: |
|||
CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR=y |
|||
CONFIG_EXT3_FS_SECURITY=y |
|||
If you are running a Linux 2.6 kernel with CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC |
|||
defined you can check this with the following command: |
|||
$ zgrep CONFIG_EXT3_FS /proc/config.gz |
|||
If you don't have a filesystem with xattr support, then you can |
|||
simulate it by using the option: |
|||
posix:eadb = /usr/local/samba/eadb.tdb |
|||
that will place all extra file attributes (NT ACLs, DOS EAs, streams |
|||
etc), in that tdb. It is not efficient, and doesn't scale well, but at |
|||
least it gives you a choice when you don't have a modern filesystem. |
|||
=== Testing your filesystem === |
|||
To test your filesystem support, install the 'attr' package and run |
|||
the following 4 commands as root: |
|||
# touch test.txt |
|||
# setfattr -n user.test -v test test.txt |
|||
# setfattr -n security.test -v test2 test.txt |
|||
# getfattr -d test.txt |
|||
# getfattr -n security.test -d test.txt |
|||
You should see output like this: |
|||
# file: test.txt |
|||
user.test="test" |
|||
# file: test.txt |
|||
security.test="test2" |
|||
If you get any "Operation not supported" errors then it means your |
|||
kernel is not configured correctly, or your filesystem is not mounted |
|||
with the right options. |
|||
If you get any "Operation not permitted" errors then it probably means |
|||
you didn't try the test as root. |
|||
If you are using the posix:eadb option then you don't need to test your filesystem in this manner. |
|||
= Configure a Windows Client to join a Samba 4 Active Directory = |
|||
Active Directory is a powerful administration service which enables an administrator to centrally manage a network of Windows 2000, Windows XP Pro, Windows 2003, and Windows Vista Business Edition effectively. To test the real Samba 4 capability, we use Windows XP Pro as testing environment (Windows XP Home doesn't include Active Directory functionality and won't work). |
|||
To allow Samba 4 Active Directory or Microsoft Active Directory to manage a computer, we need to join the computer into the active directory. |
|||
It involves: |
|||
# Configuring DNS Setting |
|||
# Configuring date/time and time zone |
|||
# Joining the domain |
|||
== Step 1: Configure DNS Setting for Windows == |
|||
Before we configure the DNS setting, verify that you are able to ping the Server's IP Address. If you are not able to ping the server, double check your IP address, firewall, routing, etc. |
|||
Once you have verified network connectivity between the Samba server and client, |
|||
# Right Click My Network Places -> Properties |
|||
# Double click local area network->Properties |
|||
# Double click tcp/ip |
|||
# Use static dns server, add the Samba 4 server's ip address inside the primary dns server column. [[:Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/dnsclient.jpg]] |
|||
# Press ok, ok, ok again until finished. |
|||
# Open a command prompt, type 'ping servername.your.realm' (change to suit your custom realm per your provision) |
|||
If you get replies, then it means your Windows XP settings are correct (for DNS) and Samba4 Server's DNS services is working as well. |
|||
== Step 2: Configure date/time and time zone == |
|||
Active Directory uses Kerberos as the backend for authentication. Kerberos requires that the system clock on the client and server be synchronized to within a few seconds of each other. If they are not synchronized, authentication will fail for apparently no reason. |
|||
# Change the timezone in Windows XP Pro so that server and client using same time zone. In my computer, I use Asia/Kuala_Lumpur (I come from Malaysia).[[:Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/timezone.jpg]] |
|||
# Change the date/time so the client have same HH:MM with the server [[:Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/time.jpg]] |
|||
== Step 3: Joining the Windows client into domain == |
|||
Now your Windows is ready to join the Active Directory (AD) domain, |
|||
As administrator:- |
|||
# Right Click my Computer-> Properties |
|||
# Choose Computer Name, click change.. |
|||
# Click option 'Domain', insert YOUR.REALM (if you failed, try YOURDOM)([[:Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/joindomain.jpg]] |
|||
# When it request username/password, type '''administrator''' as username, '''SOMEPASSWORD''' as password (per your earlier provision). |
|||
# It will tell you the Windows XP has successfully join into Active Directory Domain, and you need to restart. |
|||
# After restart, you should get the normal domain logon dialog |
|||
# Choose domain YOURDOM, insert username '''administrator''' as username, '''SOMEPASSWORD''' as password (again, per your earlier provision) |
|||
# If you login successfully, then you able to enjoy samba 4 active directory services at next section. |
|||
= Viewing Samba 4 Active Directory object from Windows XP Pro = |
|||
We need install windows 2003 adminpak into windows XP in order to use |
|||
GUI tools to manage the domain. Before begin, make sure the domain |
|||
administrator have administrative right to control your computer.(To |
|||
give any user administrative right, in Windows XP Pro, right click my |
|||
computer, press manage-> choose groups-> double click administrators |
|||
and add members from domain into the member list. During you add |
|||
member from active directory as member, it will prompt you to enter |
|||
active directory username/password). |
|||
== Step 1: Installing Windows Remote Administration Tools onto Windows == |
|||
= Windows7 = |
|||
Download the Windows Remote Administration Tools from |
|||
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=7D2F6AD7-656B-4313-A005-4E344E43997D&displaylang=en |
|||
and follow the "Install RSAT" instructions |
|||
= Vista = |
|||
Download the Windows Remote Administration Tools from |
|||
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=9FF6E897-23CE-4A36-B7FC-D52065DE9960&displaylang=en |
|||
and follow the "Install RSAT" instruction described at |
|||
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/941314 |
|||
= Windows XP Pro = |
|||
# In Windows XP, download adminpak and supporttools from |
|||
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=c16ae515-c8f4-47ef-a1e4-a8dcbacff8e3&displaylang=en |
|||
http://download.microsoft.com/download/3/e/4/3e438f5e-24ef-4637-abd1-981341d349c7/WindowsServer2003-KB892777-SupportTools-x86-ENU.exe |
|||
Valid starting Expires Service principal |
|||
# Run through the installation. |
|||
01.11.2016 08:45:00 12.11.2016 18:45:00 krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
# Press start->run, type 'dsa.msc', if a window 'active directory users and computers' prompt up, it mean you had install adminpak it successfully. You can also find this at Start>Programs>Administrative Tools, which should have a lot more items now. |
|||
renew until 02.11.2016 08:44:59 |
|||
# Go to c:\Program Files\Support Tools to check whether the support tools were installed correctly; if yes, then your XP workstation is ready to manage the Samba 4 Active Directory. |
|||
== Step 2: Viewing samba 4 active directory content == |
|||
# Login as domain 'testing1.org' administrator, press start->run. |
|||
# type dsa.msc |
|||
**[[:Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/run.jpg ]] |
|||
# Expand the testing1.org tree to see existing object in domain. [[:Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/dsa.msc.jpg]] |
|||
= Managing Samba 4 Active Directory From Windows XP Pro = |
|||
One of Samba4's goals is to integrate with (and replace) Active Directory as a system. At this point, if everything has worked correctly you should have an "Administrative Tools" menu under Programs. If, under Administrative Tools you have "Active Directory Users and Computers", that is a very good sign. Most times, if there is a configuration or bug in Samba4, the AD Users & Computers (among other interfaces) won't show up as an option. You can run it by hand (Start->Run->dsa.msc) but it's unlikely to work correctly. |
|||
== Step 1: Adding user into Samba 4 Active Directory == |
|||
Unlike Samba3, Samba4 does not require a local unix user for each Samba user that is created. |
|||
To create a Samba user, use the command |
|||
net newuser USERNAME |
|||
If you get this error message : |
|||
ImportError: No module named samba.netcmd |
|||
run this command |
|||
export PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/samba/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ |
|||
Make sure you run the Samba4 version of net, if you also have Samba3 installed. |
|||
To inspect the allocated user ID and SID, use wbinfo |
|||
$ bin/wbinfo --name-to-sid USERNAME |
|||
S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 SID_USER (1) |
|||
$ bin/wbinfo --sid-to-uid S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 |
|||
3000011 |
|||
If you want to change this mapping, then use ldbedit on the idmap.idb, |
|||
like this: |
|||
$ bin/ldbedit -e emacs -H /usr/local/samba/private/idmap.ldb objectsid=S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 |
|||
You will find records that look like this: |
|||
# record 1 |
|||
dn: CN=S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 |
|||
cn: S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 |
|||
objectClass: sidMap |
|||
objectSid: S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 |
|||
type: ID_TYPE_BOTH |
|||
xidNumber: 3000011 |
|||
distinguishedName: CN=S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 |
|||
If you change the xidNumber attribute and save your editor then exit, |
|||
then Samba will update the mapping to between the SID and the user |
|||
ID. Updating group mappings works in the same way. |
|||
You can also manage users using the normal Windows AD user management |
|||
tools. |
|||
If one or more tests fail, see [[#Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]]. |
|||
= Setting Up Roaming Profiles (Windows 7) = |
|||
1. You will need to create a share for the profiles, typically named '''profiles'''. Edit the ''/usr/local/samba/etc/smb.conf'' to include: |
|||
[profiles] |
|||
path = /usr/local/samba/var/profiles |
|||
read only = no |
|||
2. Create the directory above using: |
|||
$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/samba/var/profiles |
|||
= Configuring Time Synchronisation = |
|||
3. On windows start the ''Active Directory Users and Computers'', select all the users, right click and hit properties |
|||
Kerberos requires a synchronised time on all domain members. For further details and how to set up the <code>ntpd</code> service, see [[Time_Synchronisation|Time Synchronisation]]. |
|||
4. Under the profile tab, in the ''Profile path'' type the path to your share along with %USERNAME% as follows: |
|||
\\sambaserver.samdom.example.com\profiles\%USERNAME% |
|||
5. click OK, logout and login as one of those users. When you logout again, you should see that the profile has been synced onto the samba server. |
|||
= Adding organization unit (OU) into samba 4 domain = |
|||
Organizational Unit (OU), is a powerful feature in active |
|||
directory. This is a type of container which allows you to drag & drop |
|||
users and/or computers into it. |
|||
= Using the Domain Controller as a File Server = |
|||
We can link several kind of group policy to an OU, and the settings |
|||
will deploy to all users/computers under the OU. With a single domain |
|||
we can have as many OU and sub OU as you like. So the result is that |
|||
it can greatly reduce administrative overhead because you are able to |
|||
manage everything via an OU. The implementation of group policy will |
|||
be discussed in the next chapter. |
|||
The Samba AD DC is able to provide file shares, just like all other installation modes. However, the Samba team does not recommend using a DC as a file server because the DC <code>smbd</code> process has some limitations compared with the service in non-DC setups. For example, the auto-enabled <code>acl_xattr</code> virtual file system (VFS) object enables you to only configure shares with Windows access control lists (ACL). Running shares with POSIX ACLs on a Samba DC is not supported. To provide network shares with the full capabilities of Samba, set up a Samba domain member with file shares. For details, see: |
|||
Before we create an OU, we must know what an OU looks like. By default |
|||
* [[Setting_up_Samba_as_a_Domain_Member|Setting up Samba as a Domain Member]] |
|||
we can see a sample OU 'Domain Controllers', which uses a different |
|||
* [[Samba_File_Serving|Samba File Serving]] |
|||
icon in the Windows management tools to the 'users' and 'computers' |
|||
container. We can deploy group policy to users or computers container. |
|||
If you do not want to follow the Samba team's recommendation and use the DC additionally as a file server, configure Winbindd before you start setting up shares. For details, see [[Configuring_Winbindd_on_a_Samba_AD_DC|Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC]]. |
|||
# To create an OU, as the domain administrator, use start -> run -> dsa.msc |
|||
# right click on your domain. |
|||
# choose new -> organizational unit |
|||
# type OU Demo' |
|||
# Then you will see an new OU appear, with the name 'OU Demo'. |
|||
# You can drag your user 'demo' into the new OU (Don't move other users! Unless you want to get stuck!) |
|||
# Right Click the 'OU Demo', you can create a sub OU with New->Organizational. |
|||
Normally we create OU based the departmental setup of your |
|||
organization. Be careful not to confuse groups and OUs, groups are |
|||
used to control permissions, OU are used for deployment settings to |
|||
all users/computers within the OU. |
|||
= Implementing Group Policies (GPO) in a Samba4 domain = |
|||
Samba4 Active Directory has support for group policies, and can create |
|||
the group policy on the fly. The basic idea of group policies is:- |
|||
# Group Policies have 2 kind of settings, computers and users. |
|||
# Computer settings apply to computers, user settings apply to users |
|||
# We link the group policy to a particular OU, and the group policy will effect all computers/users under the OU. |
|||
= Troubleshooting = |
|||
# To add a group policy, right click 'OU Demo' OU->properties |
|||
# Choose group policy |
|||
# Press new, name as 'GP Demo' |
|||
# Press edit to edit the policy. |
|||
# Here will demonstrate how to block user from access the control panel. Open the tree 'User Configuration'->'Administrative Templates'->'control panel'. |
|||
# Double click on 'Prohibit access to the Control Panel' |
|||
# Press enabled and then press OK. Now the all users under 'OU Demo' won't able to access to the control panel. |
|||
# Make sure user demo is inside the 'OU Demo' (You can drag and drop it). |
|||
# Logout and login as user 'demo' |
|||
# You'll find user demo is not able to access control panel |
|||
For further details, see [[Samba_AD_DC_Troubleshooting|Samba AD DC Troubleshooting]]. |
|||
* Note that user configuration will take effect once you logout and login. |
|||
* Computer configuration will take effect when you restart the computer |
|||
To learn more about managing and implementing organizational units, group policy, and active directory, try a web search for Google in Windows 2003 Active Directory implementation. |
|||
== Installing the Group Policy Management Console == |
|||
You may also find the Group Policy Management console useful. You can |
|||
download it from: |
|||
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=0A6D4C24-8CBD-4B35-9272-DD3CBFC81887&displaylang=en |
|||
This is primarily useful for when you have larger installs and |
|||
are managing many machines. You may need to download the .NET |
|||
framework first. |
|||
= Further Samba-related Documentation = |
|||
= Joining a Windows domain controller as an additional DC in a domain = |
|||
See [[User_Documentation|User Documentation]]. |
|||
Once you have a Samba domain controller setup, you can choose to join |
|||
additional domain controllers to the domain, whether they be |
|||
additional Samba domain controllers, or additional Windows domain |
|||
controllers. |
|||
If you wish to join an additional Samba domain controller to a domain, |
|||
then please see the [[Samba4/HOWTO/Join a domain as a DC|Joining a domain as a DC]] page. The instructions |
|||
on that page are the same for joining Samba to a Windows domain as |
|||
they are for joining Samba to an existing Samba domain. |
|||
If you wish to join a new Windows domain controller to a Samba domin, |
|||
then you should use the 'dcpromo' tool on the Windows machine. Please |
|||
see the normal instructions for installing dcpromo on Windows, with |
|||
the exception that you should not tick the 'DNS server' option box |
|||
when it is offered. Right now you should either use Windows for DNS, |
|||
or use Samba and bind9 for DNS. Mixing the two can work, but it is an |
|||
advanced topic that is beyond the scope of this howto. |
|||
== Report your success/failure! == |
|||
Samba4 as a replicating domain controller is still developing rapidly, |
|||
and we like to hear from users about their successes and |
|||
failures. While Samba4 is still in alpha release we would encourage |
|||
you to report both your successes and failures to the samba-technical |
|||
mailing list on http://lists.samba.org |
|||
---- |
|||
Please be aware that Samba4 is not complete, so you should deploy it |
|||
[[Category:Domain Control]] |
|||
carefully until it is ready for a non-alpha release. |
|||
[[Category:Active Directory]] |
Revision as of 11:18, 18 April 2018
Introduction
Starting from version 4.0, Samba is able to run as an Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC). If you are installing Samba in a production environment, it is recommended to run two or more DCs for failover reasons.
This documentation describes how to set up Samba as the first DC to build a new AD forest. Additionally, use this documentation if you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to Samba AD. To join Samba as an additional DC to an existing AD forest, see Joining a Samba DC to an Existing Active Directory.
Samba as an AD DC only supports:
- the integrated LDAP server as AD back end. For details, see the frequently asked question (FAQ) Does Samba AD DCs Support OpenLDAP or Other LDAP Servers as Back End?
- the MIT and Heimdal Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC).
- Samba uses the MIT KDC provided by your operating system if you run Samba 4.7 or later and has been built using the
--with-system-mitkrb5
option. In other cases Samba uses the Heimdal KDC included in Samba. For further details about Samba using the MIT KDC, see Running a Samba AD DC with MIT Kerberos KDC.
Preparing the Installation
- Select a host name for your AD DC.
- Do not use NT4-only terms as host name, such as
PDC
orBDC
. These modes do not exist in an AD and cause confusion.
- Select a DNS domain for your AD forest. The name will also be used as the AD Kerberos realm.
Make sure that you provision the AD using a DNS domain that will not need to be changed. Samba does not support renaming the AD DNS zone and Kerberos realm. - For additional information, see Active Directory Naming FAQ.
- Use a static IP address on the DC.
- Disable tools, such as
resolvconf
, that automatically update your/etc/resolv.conf
DNS resolver configuration file. AD DCs and domain members must use an DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zones.
- Verify that no Samba processes are running:
# ps ax | egrep "samba|smbd|nmbd|winbindd"
- If the output lists any
samba
,smbd
,nmbd
, orwinbindd
processes, shut down the processes.
- Verify that the
/etc/hosts
file on the DC correctly resolves the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) and short host name to the LAN IP address of the DC. For example:
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain 10.99.0.1 DC1.samdom.example.com DC1
- The host name and FQDN must not resolve to the
127.0.0.1
IP address or any other IP address than the one used on the LAN interface of the DC.
- If you previously ran a Samba installation on this host:
- Remove the existing
smb.conf
file. To list the path to the file:
- Remove the existing
# smbd -b | grep "CONFIGFILE" CONFIGFILE: /usr/local/samba/etc/samba/smb.conf
- Remove all Samba database files, such as
*.tdb
and*.ldb
files. To list the folders containing Samba databases:
- Remove all Samba database files, such as
# smbd -b | egrep "LOCKDIR|STATEDIR|CACHEDIR|PRIVATE_DIR" LOCKDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/lock/ STATEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/locks/ CACHEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/cache/ PRIVATE_DIR: /usr/local/samba/private/
- Starting with a clean environment helps to prevent confusion and ensures that no files from any previous Samba installation will be mixed with your new domain DC installation.
- Remove an existing
/etc/krb5.conf
file:
# rm /etc/krb5.conf
Installing Samba
For details, see Installing Samba.
Only install a maintained Samba version. For details, see Samba Release Planning. |
Provisioning a Samba Active Directory
The Samba AD provisioning process creates the AD databases and adds initial records, such as the domain administrator account and required DNS entries.
If you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to AD, skip this step and run the Samba classic upgrade. For details, see Migrating a Samba NT4 Domain to Samba AD (Classic Upgrade).
The AD provisioning requires root permissions to create files and set permissions. |
The samba-tool domain provision
command provides several parameters to use with the interactive and non-interactive setup. For details, see:
# samba-tool domain provision --help
When provisioning a new AD, it is recommended to enable the NIS extensions by passing the --use-rfc2307 parameter to the samba-tool domain provision command. This enables you to store Unix attributes in AD, such as user IDs (UID), home directories paths, group IDs (GID). Enabling the NIS extensions has no disadvantages. However, enabling them in an existing domain requires manually extending the AD schema. For further details about Unix attributes in AD, see:
|
Parameter Explanation
Set the following parameters during the provisioning:
Interactive Mode Setting | Non-interactive Mode Parameter | Explanation |
---|---|---|
--use-rfc2307
|
--use-rfc2307
|
Enables the NIS extensions. |
Realm
|
--realm
|
Kerberos realm. This is also used as the AD DNS domain. For example: samdom.example.com .
|
Domain
|
--domain
|
NetBIOS domain name. It is recommended to use the first part of the AD DNS domain. For example: samdom .
|
Server Role
|
--server-role
|
Installs the domain controller DC role.
|
DNS backend
|
--dns-backend
|
Sets the DNS back end. The first DC in an AD must be installed using a DNS back end. Note that the BIND9_FLATFILE is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version.
|
DNS forwarder IP address
|
not available | This setting is only available when using the SAMBA_INTERNAL DNS back end. For details, see Setting up a DNS Forwarder.
|
Administrator password
|
--adminpass
|
Sets the domain administrator password. If the password does not match the complexity requirements, the provisioning fails. For details, see Microsoft TechNet: Passwords must meet complexity requirements. |
Other parameters frequently used with the samba-tool domain provision
command:
--option="interfaces=lo eth0" --option="bind interfaces only=yes"
: If your server has multiple network interfaces, use these options to bind Samba to the specified interfaces. This enables thesamba-tool
command to register the correct LAN IP address in the directory during the join.
do NOT use NONE as the DNS backend, it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
If using Bind as the DNS backend, do NOT use BIND9_FLATFILE , it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
Once you have provisioned the first DC in an AD domain, do not provision any further DCs in the same domain, Join any further DCs. |
Provisioning Samba AD in Interactive Mode
To provision a Samba AD interactively, run:
# samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 --interactive Realm [SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]: SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM Domain [SAMDOM]: SAMDOM Server Role (dc, member, standalone) [dc]: dc DNS backend (SAMBA_INTERNAL, BIND9_FLATFILE, BIND9_DLZ, NONE) [SAMBA_INTERNAL]: SAMBA_INTERNAL DNS forwarder IP address (write 'none' to disable forwarding) [10.99.0.1]: 8.8.8.8 Administrator password: Passw0rd Retype password: Passw0rd Looking up IPv4 addresses Looking up IPv6 addresses No IPv6 address will be assigned Setting up share.ldb Setting up secrets.ldb Setting up the registry Setting up the privileges database Setting up idmap db Setting up SAM db Setting up sam.ldb partitions and settings Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE Pre-loading the Samba 4 and AD schema Adding DomainDN: DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com Adding configuration container Setting up sam.ldb schema Setting up sam.ldb configuration data Setting up display specifiers Modifying display specifiers Adding users container Modifying users container Adding computers container Modifying computers container Setting up sam.ldb data Setting up well known security principals Setting up sam.ldb users and groups Setting up self join Adding DNS accounts Creating CN=MicrosoftDNS,CN=System,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com Creating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions Populating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE marking as synchronized Fixing provision GUIDs A Kerberos configuration suitable for Samba 4 has been generated at /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf Setting up fake yp server settings Once the above files are installed, your Samba4 server will be ready to use Server Role: active directory domain controller Hostname: DC1 NetBIOS Domain: SAMDOM DNS Domain: samdom.example.com DOMAIN SID: S-1-5-21-2614513918-2685075268-614796884
The interactive provisioning mode supports passing further parameters to the samba-tool domain provision command. This enables you to modify parameters that are not part of the interactive setup. |
Provisioning Samba AD in Non-interactive Mode
For example, to provision a Samba AD non-interactively with the following settings:
- Server role:
dc
- NIS extensions enabled
- Internal DNS back end
- Kerberos realm and AD DNS zone:
samdom.example.com
- NetBIOS domain name:
SAMDOM
- Domain administrator password:
Passw0rd
# samba-tool domain provision --server-role=dc --use-rfc2307 --dns-backend=SAMBA_INTERNAL --realm=SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM --domain=SAMDOM --adminpass=Passw0rd
Setting up the AD DNS back end
Skip this step if you provisioned the DC using the SAMBA_INTERNAL
DNS back end.
- Set up the BIND DNS server and the
BIND9_DLZ
module. For details, see Setting up a BIND DNS Server.
- Start the BIND DNS server. For example:
# systemctl start named
- For details how to start services, see you distribution's documentation.
Configuring the DNS Resolver
Domain members in an AD use DNS to locate services, such as LDAP and Kerberos. For that, they need to use a DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zone.
On your DC, set the AD DNS domain in the domain
and the IP of your DC in the nameserver
parameter of the /etc/resolv.conf
file. For example:
domain samdom.example.com nameserver 10.99.0.1
Configuring Kerberos
In an AD, Kerberos is used to authenticate users, machines, and services.
During the provisioning, Samba created a Kerberos configuration file for your DC. Copy this file to your operating system's Kerberos configuration. For example:
# cp /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf
Do not create a symbolic link to the the generated krb5.conf file. In Samba 4.7 and later, the /usr/local/samba/private/ directory is no longer accessible by other users than the root user. If the file is a symbolic link, other users are not able to read the file and, for example, dynamic DNS updates fail if you use the BIND_DLZ DNS back end. |
The pre-created Kerberos configuration uses DNS service (SRV) resource records to locate the KDC.
Testing your Samba AD DC
To start the samba
service manually, enter:
# samba
Samba does not provide System V init scripts, systemd
, upstart
, or other services configuration files.
- If you installed Samba using packages, use the script or service configuration file included in the package to start Samba.
- If you built Samba, see Managing the Samba AD DC Service.
Verifying the File Server
To list all shares provided by the DC:
$ smbclient -L localhost -U% Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- netlogon Disk sysvol Disk IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba x.y.z) Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] Server Comment --------- ------- Workgroup Master --------- -------
The netlogon and sysvol shares were auto-created during the provisioning and must exist on a DC. |
To verify authentication, connect to the netlogon
share using the domain administrator account:
$ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -UAdministrator -c 'ls' Enter Administrator's password: Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] . D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016 .. D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016 49386 blocks of size 524288. 42093 blocks available
If one or more tests fail, see Troubleshooting.
Verifying DNS
To verify that your AD DNS configuration works correctly, query some DNS records:
- The tcp-based
_ldap
SRV record in the domain:
$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com. _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 dc1.samdom.example.com.
- The udp-based
_kerberos
SRV resource record in the domain:
$ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com. _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 dc1.samdom.example.com.
- The A record of the domain controller:
$ host -t A dc1.samdom.example.com. dc1.samdom.example.com has address 10.99.0.1
If one or more tests fail, see Troubleshooting.
Verifying Kerberos
- Request a Kerberos ticket for the domain administrator account:
$ kinit administrator Password for administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM:
The Kerberos realm is automatically appended, if you do not pass the principal in the user@REALM
format to thekinit
command.
Set Kerberos realms always in uppercase.
- List the cached Kerberos tickets:
$ klist Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0 Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM Valid starting Expires Service principal 01.11.2016 08:45:00 12.11.2016 18:45:00 krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM renew until 02.11.2016 08:44:59
If one or more tests fail, see Troubleshooting.
Configuring Time Synchronisation
Kerberos requires a synchronised time on all domain members. For further details and how to set up the ntpd
service, see Time Synchronisation.
Using the Domain Controller as a File Server
The Samba AD DC is able to provide file shares, just like all other installation modes. However, the Samba team does not recommend using a DC as a file server because the DC smbd
process has some limitations compared with the service in non-DC setups. For example, the auto-enabled acl_xattr
virtual file system (VFS) object enables you to only configure shares with Windows access control lists (ACL). Running shares with POSIX ACLs on a Samba DC is not supported. To provide network shares with the full capabilities of Samba, set up a Samba domain member with file shares. For details, see:
If you do not want to follow the Samba team's recommendation and use the DC additionally as a file server, configure Winbindd before you start setting up shares. For details, see Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC.
Troubleshooting
For further details, see Samba AD DC Troubleshooting.
See User Documentation.