Setting up Samba as an Active Directory Domain Controller: Difference between revisions
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= Introduction = |
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= Samba4 developer howto = |
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tridge@samba.org, December 2004 |
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Starting from version 4.0, Samba is able to run as an Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC). If you are installing Samba in a production environment, it is recommended to run two or more DCs for failover reasons. |
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This documentation describes how to set up Samba as the first DC to build a new AD forest. Additionally, use this documentation if you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to Samba AD. To join Samba as an additional DC to an existing AD forest, see [[Joining_a_Samba_DC_to_an_Existing_Active_Directory|Joining a Samba DC to an Existing Active Directory]]. |
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This is a very basic document on how to setup a simple Samba4 |
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server. This is aimed at developers who are already familiar with |
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Samba3 and wish to participate in Samba4 development. This is not |
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aimed at production use of Samba4. |
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Samba as an AD DC only supports: |
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* the integrated LDAP server as AD back end. For details, see the frequently asked question (FAQ) [[FAQ#Does_Samba_AD_DCs_Support_OpenLDAP_or_Other_LDAP_Servers_as_Back_End.3F|Does Samba AD DCs Support OpenLDAP or Other LDAP Servers as Back End?]] |
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* the [https://web.mit.edu/kerberos/ MIT] and [http://www.h5l.se/ Heimdal] Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC). |
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: Samba uses the MIT KDC provided by your operating system if you run Samba 4.7 or later and has been built using the <code>--with-system-mitkrb5</code> option. In other cases Samba uses the Heimdal KDC included in Samba. For further details about Samba using the MIT KDC, see [[Running a Samba AD DC with MIT Kerberos KDC]]. |
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== Step 1: download Samba4 == |
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There are 2 methods of doing this: |
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method 1: "rsync -avz samba.org::ftp/unpacked/samba4 ." |
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method 2: "svn co svn://svnanon.samba.org/samba/branches/SAMBA_4_0 samba4" |
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= Preparing the Installation = |
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both methods will create a directory called "samba4" in the current |
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directory. If you don't have rsync or svn then install one of them. |
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* Select a host name for your AD DC. |
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Since only released versions of Samba contain a pregenerated configure script, |
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: Do not use NT4-only terms as host name, such as <code>PDC</code> or <code>BDC</code>. These modes do not exist in an AD and cause confusion. |
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you will have to generate it by hand: |
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* Select a DNS domain for your AD forest. The name will also be used as the AD Kerberos realm. |
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$ cd samba4/source |
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: {{Imbox |
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$ ./autogen.sh |
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| type = important |
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| text = Make sure that you provision the AD using a DNS domain that will not need to be changed. Samba does not support renaming the AD DNS zone and Kerberos realm. |
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}} |
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: For additional information, see [[Active_Directory_Naming_FAQ|Active Directory Naming FAQ]]. |
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* Use a static IP address on the DC. |
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Note that the above rsync command will give you a checked out svn |
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repository. So if you also have svn you can update it to the latest |
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version at some future date using: |
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* Disable tools, such as <code>resolvconf</code>, that automatically update your <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> DNS resolver configuration file. AD DCs and domain members must use an DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zones. |
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$ cd samba4 |
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$ svn up |
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* Verify that no Samba processes are running: |
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== Step 2: compile Samba4 == |
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# ps ax | egrep "samba|smbd|nmbd|winbindd" |
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: If the output lists any <code>samba</code>, <code>smbd</code>, <code>nmbd</code>, or <code>winbindd</code> processes, shut down the processes. |
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* Verify that the <code>/etc/hosts</code> file on the DC correctly resolves the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) and short host name to the LAN IP address of the DC. For example: |
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Recommended optional development libraries: |
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127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain |
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- acl and xattr development libraries |
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10.99.0.1 DC1.samdom.example.com DC1 |
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- gnutls |
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:The host name and FQDN must not resolve to the <code>127.0.0.1</code> IP address or any other IP address than the one used on the LAN interface of the DC. |
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- readline |
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* If you previously ran a Samba installation on this host: |
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Run this: |
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:* Remove the existing <code>smb.conf</code> file. To list the path to the file: |
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# smbd -b | grep "CONFIGFILE" |
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$ cd samba4/source |
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CONFIGFILE: /usr/local/samba/etc/samba/smb.conf |
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$ ./configure |
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$ make proto all |
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:* Remove all Samba database files, such as <code>*.tdb</code> and <code>*.ldb</code> files. To list the folders containing Samba databases: |
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If you have gcc 3.4 or newer, then substitute "pch" for "proto" to |
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greatly speed up the compile process (about 5x faster). |
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# smbd -b | egrep "LOCKDIR|STATEDIR|CACHEDIR|PRIVATE_DIR" |
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== Step 3: install Samba4 == |
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LOCKDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/lock/ |
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STATEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/locks/ |
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CACHEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/cache/ |
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PRIVATE_DIR: /usr/local/samba/private/ |
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: Starting with a clean environment helps to prevent confusion and ensures that no files from any previous Samba installation will be mixed with your new domain DC installation. |
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Run this as a user who have permission to write to the install |
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directory (defaults to /usr/local/samba). Use --prefix option to |
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configure above to change this. |
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# make install |
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* Remove an existing <code>/etc/krb5.conf</code> file: |
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# rm /etc/krb5.conf |
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== Step 4: provision Samba4 == |
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The "provision" step sets up a basic user database. Make sure your smbscript |
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binary is installed in a directory listed in your PATH environment variable. |
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It is presumed it's available just like any other commands from your shell. |
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Must be run as a user with permission to write to the install directory. |
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# cd source |
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# ./setup/provision --realm=YOUR.REALM --domain=YOURDOM --adminpass=SOMEPASSWORD |
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'YOURDOM' is the NT4 style domain name. 'YOUR.REALM' is your kerberos |
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realm, which is typically your DNS domain name. |
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== Step 5: Create a simple smb.conf == |
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= Installing Samba = |
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The provisioning will create a very simple smb.conf with no shares by |
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default. You will need to update it to add at least one share. For |
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example: |
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For details, see [[Installing_Samba|Installing Samba]]. |
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[test] |
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path = /data/test |
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read only = no |
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{{Imbox |
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| type = note |
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| text = Only install a maintained Samba version. For details, see [[Samba_Release_Planning|Samba Release Planning]]. |
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}} |
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== Step 6: starting Samba4 == |
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The simplest is to just run "smbd", but as a developer you may find |
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the following more useful: |
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# smbd -i -M single |
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that means "start smbd without messages in stdout, and running a |
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single process. That mode of operation makes debugging smbd with gdb |
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particularly easy. |
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= Provisioning a Samba Active Directory = |
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Note that now it is no longer necessary to have an instance of nmbd |
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from Samba 3 running. If you are running any smbd or nmbd processes |
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they need to be stopped before starting smbd from Samba 4. |
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The Samba AD provisioning process creates the AD databases and adds initial records, such as the domain administrator account and required DNS entries. |
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Make sure you put the bin and sbin directories from your new install |
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in your $PATH. Make sure you run the right version! |
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If you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to AD, skip this step and run the Samba classic upgrade. For details, see [[Migrating_a_Samba_NT4_Domain_to_Samba_AD_(Classic_Upgrade)|Migrating a Samba NT4 Domain to Samba AD (Classic Upgrade)]]. |
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{{Imbox |
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== Step 7: testing Samba4 == |
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| type = note |
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| text = The AD provisioning requires root permissions to create files and set permissions. |
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}} |
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try these commands: |
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The <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command provides several parameters to use with the interactive and non-interactive setup. For details, see: |
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$ smbclient //localhost/test -Uadministrator%SOMEPASSWORD |
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or |
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$ ./script/tests/test_posix.sh //localhost/test administrator SOMEPASSWORD |
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# samba-tool domain provision --help |
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== NOTE about filesystem support == |
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{{Imbox |
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To use the advanced features of Samba4 you need a filesystem that |
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| type = note |
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supports both the "user" and "system" xattr namespaces. |
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| text = When provisioning a new AD, it is recommended to enable the NIS extensions by passing the <code>--use-rfc2307</code> parameter to the <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command. This enables you to store Unix attributes in AD, such as user IDs (UID), home directories paths, group IDs (GID). Enabling the NIS extensions has no disadvantages. However, enabling them in an existing domain requires manually extending the AD schema. For further details about Unix attributes in AD, see: |
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* [[Setting_up_RFC2307_in_AD|Setting up RFC2307 in AD]] |
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* [[Idmap_config_ad|idmap config = ad]] |
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}} |
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If you run Linux with a 2.6 kernel and ext3 this means you need to |
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include the option "user_xattr" in your /etc/fstab. For example: |
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/dev/hda3 /home ext3 user_xattr 1 1 |
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== Parameter Explanation == |
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You also need to compile your kernel with the XATTR and SECURITY |
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options for your filesystem. For ext3 that means you need: |
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Set the following parameters during the provisioning: |
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CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR=y |
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CONFIG_EXT3_FS_SECURITY=y |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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If you are running a Linux 2.6 kernel with CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC |
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!Interactive Mode Setting |
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defined you can check this with the following command: |
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!Non-interactive Mode Parameter |
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!Explanation |
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|- |
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|<code>--use-rfc2307</code> |
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|<code>--use-rfc2307</code> |
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|Enables the NIS extensions. |
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|- |
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|<code>Realm</code> |
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|<code>--realm</code> |
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|Kerberos realm. This is also used as the AD DNS domain. For example: <code>samdom.example.com</code>. |
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|- |
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|<code>Domain</code> |
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|<code>--domain</code> |
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|NetBIOS domain name. It is recommended to use the first part of the AD DNS domain. For example: <code>samdom</code>. |
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|- |
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|<code>Server Role</code> |
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|<code>--server-role</code> |
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|Installs the domain controller <code>DC</code> role. |
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|- |
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|<code>DNS backend</code> |
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|<code>--dns-backend</code> |
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|Sets the DNS back end. The first DC in an AD must be installed using a DNS back end. Note that the <code>BIND9_FLATFILE</code> is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
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|- |
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|<code>DNS forwarder IP address</code> |
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|not available |
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|This setting is only available when using the <code>SAMBA_INTERNAL</code> DNS back end. For details, see [[Samba_Internal_DNS_Back_End#Setting_up_a_DNS_Forwarder|Setting up a DNS Forwarder]]. |
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|- |
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|<code>Administrator password</code> |
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|<code>--adminpass</code> |
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|Sets the domain administrator password. If the password does not match the complexity requirements, the provisioning fails. For details, see [https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc786468%28v=ws.10%29.aspx Microsoft TechNet: Passwords must meet complexity requirements]. |
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|} |
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Other parameters frequently used with the <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command: |
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$ zgrep CONFIG_EXT3_FS /proc/config.gz |
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* <code>--option="interfaces=lo eth0" --option="bind interfaces only=yes"</code>: If your server has multiple network interfaces, use these options to bind Samba to the specified interfaces. This enables the <code>samba-tool</code> command to register the correct LAN IP address in the directory during the join. |
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If you don't have a filesystem with xattr support, then you can |
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simulate it by using the option: |
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{{Imbox |
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posix:eadb = /usr/local/samba/eadb.tdb |
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| type = note |
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| text = do NOT use <code>NONE</code> as the DNS backend, it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
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}} |
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{{Imbox |
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that will place all extra file attributes (NT ACLs, DOS EAs, streams |
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| type = note |
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etc), in that tdb. It is not efficient, and doesn't scale well, but at |
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| text = If using Bind as the DNS backend, do NOT use <code>BIND9_FLATFILE</code>, it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
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least it gives you a choice when you don't have a modern filesystem. |
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}} |
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=== Testing your filesystem === |
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To test your filesystem support, install the 'attr' package and run |
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the following 4 commands as root: |
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== Provisioning Samba AD in Interactive Mode == |
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# touch test.txt |
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# setfattr -n user.test -v test test.txt |
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# setfattr -n security.test -v test2 test.txt |
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# getfattr -d test.txt |
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# getfattr -n security.test -d test.txt |
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To provision a Samba AD interactively, run: |
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You should see output like this: |
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# samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 --interactive |
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# file: test.txt |
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Realm [SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]: SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
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user.test="test" |
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Domain [SAMDOM]: SAMDOM |
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Server Role (dc, member, standalone) [dc]: dc |
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DNS backend (SAMBA_INTERNAL, BIND9_FLATFILE, BIND9_DLZ, NONE) [SAMBA_INTERNAL]: SAMBA_INTERNAL |
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DNS forwarder IP address (write 'none' to disable forwarding) [10.99.0.1]: 8.8.8.8 |
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Administrator password: Passw0rd |
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Retype password: Passw0rd |
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Looking up IPv4 addresses |
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Looking up IPv6 addresses |
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No IPv6 address will be assigned |
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Setting up share.ldb |
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Setting up secrets.ldb |
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Setting up the registry |
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Setting up the privileges database |
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Setting up idmap db |
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Setting up SAM db |
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Setting up sam.ldb partitions and settings |
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Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE |
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Pre-loading the Samba 4 and AD schema |
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Adding DomainDN: DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com |
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Adding configuration container |
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Setting up sam.ldb schema |
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Setting up sam.ldb configuration data |
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Setting up display specifiers |
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Modifying display specifiers |
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Adding users container |
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Modifying users container |
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Adding computers container |
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Modifying computers container |
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Setting up sam.ldb data |
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Setting up well known security principals |
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Setting up sam.ldb users and groups |
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Setting up self join |
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Adding DNS accounts |
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Creating CN=MicrosoftDNS,CN=System,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com |
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Creating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions |
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Populating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions |
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Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE marking as synchronized |
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Fixing provision GUIDs |
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A Kerberos configuration suitable for Samba 4 has been generated at /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf |
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Setting up fake yp server settings |
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Once the above files are installed, your Samba4 server will be ready to use |
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Server Role: active directory domain controller |
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Hostname: DC1 |
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NetBIOS Domain: SAMDOM |
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DNS Domain: samdom.example.com |
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DOMAIN SID: S-1-5-21-2614513918-2685075268-614796884 |
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{{Imbox |
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# file: test.txt |
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| type = note |
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security.test="test2" |
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| text = The interactive provisioning mode supports passing further parameters to the <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command. This enables you to modify parameters that are not part of the interactive setup. |
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}} |
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If you get any "Operation not supported" errors then it means your |
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kernel is not configured correctly, or your filesystem is not mounted |
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with the right options. |
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If you get any "Operation not permitted" errors then it probably means |
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you didn't try the test as root. |
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== Provisioning Samba AD in Non-interactive Mode == |
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For example, to provision a Samba AD non-interactively with the following settings: |
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= Testing Samba4 in Ubuntu 7.04 howto = |
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* Server role: <code>dc</code> |
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kstan79@gmail.com, 18-August-2007 |
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* NIS extensions enabled |
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* Internal DNS back end |
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* Kerberos realm and AD DNS zone: <code>samdom.example.com</code> |
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* NetBIOS domain name: <code>SAMDOM</code> |
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* Domain administrator password: <code>Passw0rd</code> |
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# samba-tool domain provision --server-role=dc --use-rfc2307 --dns-backend=SAMBA_INTERNAL --realm=SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM --domain=SAMDOM --adminpass=Passw0rd |
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*When you see this sentence, it mean this potion not yet ready. I can't add new page in this wiki, so I just append my tutorial at bottom. |
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== Step 1: Install required package == |
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Ubuntu Feisty (7.04), by default not yet install required package for samba 4. To install all required package(We will remove bind8), type this command:- |
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$sudo apt-get remove bind |
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$sudo apt-get install autoconf bind9 libc6-dev |
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It will ask you to install additional package, simply press 'y' to accept it. |
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== Step 2: Download samba 4 latest source code == |
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Type this command to get latest source (subversion) |
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= Setting up the AD DNS back end = |
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$cd /usr/src |
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$sudo svn co svn://svnanon.samba.org/samba/branches/SAMBA_4_0 samba4 |
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Skip this step if you provisioned the DC using the <code>SAMBA_INTERNAL</code> DNS back end. |
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You will see the terminal start to download the source code, leave it until the end. When the samba4 source code is download completed, you will found a 'samba4' folder appear in /usr/src |
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* Set up the BIND DNS server and the <code>BIND9_DLZ</code> module. For details, see [[Setting_up_a_BIND_DNS_Server|Setting up a BIND DNS Server]]. |
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== Step 3: Synchronize your samba 4 source code to the svn server == |
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Samba 4 development is quite fast, you always can see something within a week. To update the latest source code: |
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* Start the BIND DNS server. For example: |
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$cd /usr/src/samba4 |
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# systemctl start named |
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$sudo svn update |
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: For details how to start services, see you distribution's documentation. |
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== Step 4: To compile and install samba 4 into Ubuntu 7.04 == |
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To compile and install samba 4, we force it to install at /usr/local, |
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$cd /usr/src/samba4/source |
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$sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local |
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$sudo make pch all |
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$sudo make install |
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$sudo ./setup/provision --realm=TESTING1.ORG --domain=TESTING1 --adminpass=TESTING1 |
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= Configuring the DNS Resolver = |
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If you use gcc older than 3.4, use 'make proto all' rather than 'make pch all'. If there is no error, your samba 4 is install successfully. |
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Domain members in an AD use DNS to locate services, such as LDAP and Kerberos. For that, they need to use a DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zone. |
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== Step 5: Setting up DNS Server for samba 4 in Ubuntu 7.04 == |
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Samba 4 work as Windows Active Directory Server, and DNS Server is critical component in active directory. During compilation and installation, the samba4 help us to create a standard DNS zone. |
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$sudo cp /usr/local/testing1.org.zone /etc/bind |
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$sudo gedit /etc/bind/named.conf.local |
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On your DC, set the AD DNS domain in the <code>domain</code> and the IP of your DC in the <code>nameserver</code> parameter of the <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> file. For example: |
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At following line into the bottom of file: |
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domain samdom.example.com |
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---- |
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nameserver 10.99.0.1 |
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zone "test.com" { |
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type master; |
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file "/etc/bind/testing1.org.zone"; |
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}; |
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---- |
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Double check the testing1.org.zone whether feed your configuration(If you use vmware which will add in 2 more network interface, you need to edit it manually) |
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Base on setting inside my computer, |
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Ip Address = 192.168.141.1, |
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hostname = mis1.testing1.org |
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Check the bold text whether it correctly configured. |
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$sudo gedit /etc/bind/testing1.org.zone |
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= Configuring Kerberos = |
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In an AD, Kerberos is used to authenticate users, machines, and services. |
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During the provisioning, Samba created a Kerberos configuration file for your DC. Copy this file to your operating system's Kerberos configuration. For example: |
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# cp /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf |
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{{Imbox |
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| type = important |
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| text = Do not create a symbolic link to the the generated <code>krb5.conf</code> file. In Samba 4.7 and later, the <code>/usr/local/samba/private/</code> directory is no longer accessible by other users than the <code>root</code> user. If the file is a symbolic link, other users are not able to read the file and, for example, dynamic DNS updates fail if you use the <code>BIND_DLZ</code> DNS back end. |
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}} |
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The pre-created Kerberos configuration uses DNS service (SRV) resource records to locate the KDC. |
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= Testing your Samba AD DC = |
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To start the <code>samba</code> service manually, enter: |
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# samba |
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Samba does not provide System V init scripts, <code>systemd</code>, <code>upstart</code>, or other services configuration files. |
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* If you installed Samba using packages, use the script or service configuration file included in the package to start Samba. |
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* If you built Samba, see [[Managing_the_Samba_AD_DC_Service|Managing the Samba AD DC Service]]. |
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== Verifying the File Server == |
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To list all shares provided by the DC: |
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$ smbclient -L localhost -U% |
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Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] |
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Sharename Type Comment |
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--------- ---- ------- |
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netlogon Disk |
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sysvol Disk |
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IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba x.y.z) |
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Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] |
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Server Comment |
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--------- ------- |
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Workgroup Master |
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--------- ------- |
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{{Imbox |
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| type = note |
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| text = The <code>netlogon</code> and <code>sysvol</code> shares were auto-created during the provisioning and must exist on a DC. |
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}} |
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To verify authentication, connect to the <code>netlogon</code> share using the domain administrator account: |
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$ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -UAdministrator -c 'ls' |
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Enter Administrator's password: |
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Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] |
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. D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016 |
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.. D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016 |
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49386 blocks of size 524288. 42093 blocks available |
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If one or more tests fail, see [[#Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]]. |
|||
== Verifying DNS == |
|||
To verify that your AD DNS configuration works correctly, query some DNS records: |
|||
* The tcp-based <code>_ldap</code> SRV record in the domain: |
|||
$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com. |
|||
_ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 dc1.samdom.example.com. |
|||
* The udp-based <code>_kerberos</code> SRV resource record in the domain: |
|||
$ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com. |
|||
_kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 dc1.samdom.example.com. |
|||
* The A record of the domain controller: |
|||
$ host -t A dc1.samdom.example.com. |
|||
dc1.samdom.example.com has address 10.99.0.1 |
|||
If one or more tests fail, see [[#Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]]. |
|||
== Verifying Kerberos == |
|||
* Request a Kerberos ticket for the domain administrator account: |
|||
$ kinit administrator |
|||
Password for administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM: |
|||
: {{Imbox |
|||
| type = note |
|||
| text = The Kerberos realm is automatically appended, if you do not pass the principal in the <code>user@REALM</code> format to the <code>kinit</code> command.<br />Set Kerberos realms always in uppercase. |
|||
}} |
|||
* List the cached Kerberos tickets: |
|||
$ klist |
|||
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0 |
|||
Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
Valid starting Expires Service principal |
|||
01.11.2016 08:45:00 12.11.2016 18:45:00 krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
renew until 02.11.2016 08:44:59 |
|||
If one or more tests fail, see [[#Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]]. |
|||
= Configuring Time Synchronisation = |
|||
Kerberos requires a synchronised time on all domain members. For further details and how to set up the <code>ntpd</code> service, see [[Time_Synchronisation|Time Synchronisation]]. |
|||
= Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC = |
|||
''Only required if using the DC as a file server''. For details, see [[Configuring_Winbindd_on_a_Samba_AD_DC|Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC]]. |
|||
= Using the Domain Controller as a File Server = |
|||
The Samba AD DC is able to provide file shares, just like all other installation modes. However, the Samba team does not recommend using a DC as a file server because the DC <code>smbd</code> process has some limitations compared with the service in non-DC setups. For example, the auto-enabled <code>acl_xattr</code> virtual file system (VFS) object enables you to only configure shares with Windows access control lists (ACL). Running shares with POSIX ACLs on a Samba DC is not supported. To provide network shares with the full capabilities of Samba, set up a Samba domain member with file shares. For details, see: |
|||
* [[Setting_up_Samba_as_a_Domain_Member|Setting up Samba as a Domain Member]] |
|||
* [[Samba_File_Serving|Samba File Serving]] |
|||
If you do not want to follow the Samba team's recommendation and use the DC additionally as a file server, configure Winbindd before you start setting up shares. For details, see [[Configuring_Winbindd_on_a_Samba_AD_DC|Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC]]. |
|||
= Troubleshooting = |
|||
For further details, see [[Samba_AD_DC_Troubleshooting|Samba AD DC Troubleshooting]]. |
|||
= Further Samba-related Documentation = |
|||
See [[User_Documentation|User Documentation]]. |
|||
---- |
---- |
||
[[Category:Domain Control]] |
|||
; -*- zone -*- |
|||
[[Category:Active Directory]] |
|||
; generated by provision.pl |
|||
$ORIGIN '''testing1.org.''' |
|||
$TTL 1W |
|||
@ IN SOA @ '''mis1.testing1.org.''' ( |
|||
2007071516 ; serial |
|||
2D ; refresh |
|||
4H ; retry |
|||
6W ; expiry |
|||
1W ) ; minimum |
|||
IN NS mis1 |
|||
IN A 192.168.141.1 |
|||
; |
|||
mis1 IN A '''192.168.141.1''' |
|||
1846d80a-02c6-4bdb-8f1b-7d95d7a85024._msdcs IN CNAME mis1 |
|||
; |
|||
; global catalog servers |
|||
_gc._tcp IN SRV 0 100 3268 mis1 |
|||
_ldap._tcp.gc._msdcs IN SRV 0 100 389 mis1 |
|||
_ldap._tcp.Default-First-Site-Name._sites.gc._msdcs IN SRV 0 100 389 mis1 |
|||
; |
|||
; ldap servers |
|||
_ldap._tcp IN SRV 0 100 389 mis1 |
|||
_ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs IN SRV 0 100 389 mis1 |
|||
_ldap._tcp.pdc._msdcs IN SRV 0 100 389 mis1 |
|||
_ldap._tcp.b15dc010-f593-4a5b-acf2-d0b2c1d1beef.domains._msdcs IN SRV 0 100 389 mis1 |
|||
_ldap._tcp.Default-First-Site-Name._sites.dc._msdcs IN SRV 0 100 389 mis1 |
|||
; |
|||
; krb5 servers |
|||
_kerberos._tcp IN SRV 0 100 88 mis1 |
|||
_kerberos._tcp.dc._msdcs IN SRV 0 100 88 mis1 |
|||
_kerberos._tcp.Default-First-Site-Name._sites.dc._msdcs IN SRV 0 100 88 mis1 |
|||
_kerberos._udp IN SRV 0 100 88 mis1 |
|||
; MIT kpasswd likes to lookup this name on password change |
|||
_kerberos-master._tcp IN SRV 0 100 88 mis1 |
|||
_kerberos-master._udp IN SRV 0 100 88 mis1 |
|||
; |
|||
; kpasswd |
|||
_kpasswd._tcp IN SRV 0 100 464 mis1 |
|||
_kpasswd._udp IN SRV 0 100 464 mis1 |
|||
; |
|||
; heimdal 'find realm for host' hack |
|||
_kerberos IN TXT '''TESTING1.ORG''' |
|||
---- |
Revision as of 19:58, 11 December 2017
Introduction
Starting from version 4.0, Samba is able to run as an Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC). If you are installing Samba in a production environment, it is recommended to run two or more DCs for failover reasons.
This documentation describes how to set up Samba as the first DC to build a new AD forest. Additionally, use this documentation if you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to Samba AD. To join Samba as an additional DC to an existing AD forest, see Joining a Samba DC to an Existing Active Directory.
Samba as an AD DC only supports:
- the integrated LDAP server as AD back end. For details, see the frequently asked question (FAQ) Does Samba AD DCs Support OpenLDAP or Other LDAP Servers as Back End?
- the MIT and Heimdal Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC).
- Samba uses the MIT KDC provided by your operating system if you run Samba 4.7 or later and has been built using the
--with-system-mitkrb5
option. In other cases Samba uses the Heimdal KDC included in Samba. For further details about Samba using the MIT KDC, see Running a Samba AD DC with MIT Kerberos KDC.
Preparing the Installation
- Select a host name for your AD DC.
- Do not use NT4-only terms as host name, such as
PDC
orBDC
. These modes do not exist in an AD and cause confusion.
- Select a DNS domain for your AD forest. The name will also be used as the AD Kerberos realm.
Make sure that you provision the AD using a DNS domain that will not need to be changed. Samba does not support renaming the AD DNS zone and Kerberos realm. - For additional information, see Active Directory Naming FAQ.
- Use a static IP address on the DC.
- Disable tools, such as
resolvconf
, that automatically update your/etc/resolv.conf
DNS resolver configuration file. AD DCs and domain members must use an DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zones.
- Verify that no Samba processes are running:
# ps ax | egrep "samba|smbd|nmbd|winbindd"
- If the output lists any
samba
,smbd
,nmbd
, orwinbindd
processes, shut down the processes.
- Verify that the
/etc/hosts
file on the DC correctly resolves the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) and short host name to the LAN IP address of the DC. For example:
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain 10.99.0.1 DC1.samdom.example.com DC1
- The host name and FQDN must not resolve to the
127.0.0.1
IP address or any other IP address than the one used on the LAN interface of the DC.
- If you previously ran a Samba installation on this host:
- Remove the existing
smb.conf
file. To list the path to the file:
- Remove the existing
# smbd -b | grep "CONFIGFILE" CONFIGFILE: /usr/local/samba/etc/samba/smb.conf
- Remove all Samba database files, such as
*.tdb
and*.ldb
files. To list the folders containing Samba databases:
- Remove all Samba database files, such as
# smbd -b | egrep "LOCKDIR|STATEDIR|CACHEDIR|PRIVATE_DIR" LOCKDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/lock/ STATEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/locks/ CACHEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/cache/ PRIVATE_DIR: /usr/local/samba/private/
- Starting with a clean environment helps to prevent confusion and ensures that no files from any previous Samba installation will be mixed with your new domain DC installation.
- Remove an existing
/etc/krb5.conf
file:
# rm /etc/krb5.conf
Installing Samba
For details, see Installing Samba.
Only install a maintained Samba version. For details, see Samba Release Planning. |
Provisioning a Samba Active Directory
The Samba AD provisioning process creates the AD databases and adds initial records, such as the domain administrator account and required DNS entries.
If you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to AD, skip this step and run the Samba classic upgrade. For details, see Migrating a Samba NT4 Domain to Samba AD (Classic Upgrade).
The AD provisioning requires root permissions to create files and set permissions. |
The samba-tool domain provision
command provides several parameters to use with the interactive and non-interactive setup. For details, see:
# samba-tool domain provision --help
When provisioning a new AD, it is recommended to enable the NIS extensions by passing the --use-rfc2307 parameter to the samba-tool domain provision command. This enables you to store Unix attributes in AD, such as user IDs (UID), home directories paths, group IDs (GID). Enabling the NIS extensions has no disadvantages. However, enabling them in an existing domain requires manually extending the AD schema. For further details about Unix attributes in AD, see:
|
Parameter Explanation
Set the following parameters during the provisioning:
Interactive Mode Setting | Non-interactive Mode Parameter | Explanation |
---|---|---|
--use-rfc2307
|
--use-rfc2307
|
Enables the NIS extensions. |
Realm
|
--realm
|
Kerberos realm. This is also used as the AD DNS domain. For example: samdom.example.com .
|
Domain
|
--domain
|
NetBIOS domain name. It is recommended to use the first part of the AD DNS domain. For example: samdom .
|
Server Role
|
--server-role
|
Installs the domain controller DC role.
|
DNS backend
|
--dns-backend
|
Sets the DNS back end. The first DC in an AD must be installed using a DNS back end. Note that the BIND9_FLATFILE is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version.
|
DNS forwarder IP address
|
not available | This setting is only available when using the SAMBA_INTERNAL DNS back end. For details, see Setting up a DNS Forwarder.
|
Administrator password
|
--adminpass
|
Sets the domain administrator password. If the password does not match the complexity requirements, the provisioning fails. For details, see Microsoft TechNet: Passwords must meet complexity requirements. |
Other parameters frequently used with the samba-tool domain provision
command:
--option="interfaces=lo eth0" --option="bind interfaces only=yes"
: If your server has multiple network interfaces, use these options to bind Samba to the specified interfaces. This enables thesamba-tool
command to register the correct LAN IP address in the directory during the join.
do NOT use NONE as the DNS backend, it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
If using Bind as the DNS backend, do NOT use BIND9_FLATFILE , it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
Provisioning Samba AD in Interactive Mode
To provision a Samba AD interactively, run:
# samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 --interactive Realm [SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]: SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM Domain [SAMDOM]: SAMDOM Server Role (dc, member, standalone) [dc]: dc DNS backend (SAMBA_INTERNAL, BIND9_FLATFILE, BIND9_DLZ, NONE) [SAMBA_INTERNAL]: SAMBA_INTERNAL DNS forwarder IP address (write 'none' to disable forwarding) [10.99.0.1]: 8.8.8.8 Administrator password: Passw0rd Retype password: Passw0rd Looking up IPv4 addresses Looking up IPv6 addresses No IPv6 address will be assigned Setting up share.ldb Setting up secrets.ldb Setting up the registry Setting up the privileges database Setting up idmap db Setting up SAM db Setting up sam.ldb partitions and settings Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE Pre-loading the Samba 4 and AD schema Adding DomainDN: DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com Adding configuration container Setting up sam.ldb schema Setting up sam.ldb configuration data Setting up display specifiers Modifying display specifiers Adding users container Modifying users container Adding computers container Modifying computers container Setting up sam.ldb data Setting up well known security principals Setting up sam.ldb users and groups Setting up self join Adding DNS accounts Creating CN=MicrosoftDNS,CN=System,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com Creating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions Populating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE marking as synchronized Fixing provision GUIDs A Kerberos configuration suitable for Samba 4 has been generated at /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf Setting up fake yp server settings Once the above files are installed, your Samba4 server will be ready to use Server Role: active directory domain controller Hostname: DC1 NetBIOS Domain: SAMDOM DNS Domain: samdom.example.com DOMAIN SID: S-1-5-21-2614513918-2685075268-614796884
The interactive provisioning mode supports passing further parameters to the samba-tool domain provision command. This enables you to modify parameters that are not part of the interactive setup. |
Provisioning Samba AD in Non-interactive Mode
For example, to provision a Samba AD non-interactively with the following settings:
- Server role:
dc
- NIS extensions enabled
- Internal DNS back end
- Kerberos realm and AD DNS zone:
samdom.example.com
- NetBIOS domain name:
SAMDOM
- Domain administrator password:
Passw0rd
# samba-tool domain provision --server-role=dc --use-rfc2307 --dns-backend=SAMBA_INTERNAL --realm=SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM --domain=SAMDOM --adminpass=Passw0rd
Setting up the AD DNS back end
Skip this step if you provisioned the DC using the SAMBA_INTERNAL
DNS back end.
- Set up the BIND DNS server and the
BIND9_DLZ
module. For details, see Setting up a BIND DNS Server.
- Start the BIND DNS server. For example:
# systemctl start named
- For details how to start services, see you distribution's documentation.
Configuring the DNS Resolver
Domain members in an AD use DNS to locate services, such as LDAP and Kerberos. For that, they need to use a DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zone.
On your DC, set the AD DNS domain in the domain
and the IP of your DC in the nameserver
parameter of the /etc/resolv.conf
file. For example:
domain samdom.example.com nameserver 10.99.0.1
Configuring Kerberos
In an AD, Kerberos is used to authenticate users, machines, and services.
During the provisioning, Samba created a Kerberos configuration file for your DC. Copy this file to your operating system's Kerberos configuration. For example:
# cp /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf
Do not create a symbolic link to the the generated krb5.conf file. In Samba 4.7 and later, the /usr/local/samba/private/ directory is no longer accessible by other users than the root user. If the file is a symbolic link, other users are not able to read the file and, for example, dynamic DNS updates fail if you use the BIND_DLZ DNS back end. |
The pre-created Kerberos configuration uses DNS service (SRV) resource records to locate the KDC.
Testing your Samba AD DC
To start the samba
service manually, enter:
# samba
Samba does not provide System V init scripts, systemd
, upstart
, or other services configuration files.
- If you installed Samba using packages, use the script or service configuration file included in the package to start Samba.
- If you built Samba, see Managing the Samba AD DC Service.
Verifying the File Server
To list all shares provided by the DC:
$ smbclient -L localhost -U% Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- netlogon Disk sysvol Disk IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba x.y.z) Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] Server Comment --------- ------- Workgroup Master --------- -------
The netlogon and sysvol shares were auto-created during the provisioning and must exist on a DC. |
To verify authentication, connect to the netlogon
share using the domain administrator account:
$ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -UAdministrator -c 'ls' Enter Administrator's password: Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] . D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016 .. D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016 49386 blocks of size 524288. 42093 blocks available
If one or more tests fail, see Troubleshooting.
Verifying DNS
To verify that your AD DNS configuration works correctly, query some DNS records:
- The tcp-based
_ldap
SRV record in the domain:
$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com. _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 dc1.samdom.example.com.
- The udp-based
_kerberos
SRV resource record in the domain:
$ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com. _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 dc1.samdom.example.com.
- The A record of the domain controller:
$ host -t A dc1.samdom.example.com. dc1.samdom.example.com has address 10.99.0.1
If one or more tests fail, see Troubleshooting.
Verifying Kerberos
- Request a Kerberos ticket for the domain administrator account:
$ kinit administrator Password for administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM:
The Kerberos realm is automatically appended, if you do not pass the principal in the user@REALM
format to thekinit
command.
Set Kerberos realms always in uppercase.
- List the cached Kerberos tickets:
$ klist Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0 Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM Valid starting Expires Service principal 01.11.2016 08:45:00 12.11.2016 18:45:00 krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM renew until 02.11.2016 08:44:59
If one or more tests fail, see Troubleshooting.
Configuring Time Synchronisation
Kerberos requires a synchronised time on all domain members. For further details and how to set up the ntpd
service, see Time Synchronisation.
Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC
Only required if using the DC as a file server. For details, see Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC.
Using the Domain Controller as a File Server
The Samba AD DC is able to provide file shares, just like all other installation modes. However, the Samba team does not recommend using a DC as a file server because the DC smbd
process has some limitations compared with the service in non-DC setups. For example, the auto-enabled acl_xattr
virtual file system (VFS) object enables you to only configure shares with Windows access control lists (ACL). Running shares with POSIX ACLs on a Samba DC is not supported. To provide network shares with the full capabilities of Samba, set up a Samba domain member with file shares. For details, see:
If you do not want to follow the Samba team's recommendation and use the DC additionally as a file server, configure Winbindd before you start setting up shares. For details, see Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC.
Troubleshooting
For further details, see Samba AD DC Troubleshooting.
See User Documentation.