Joining a Samba DC to an Existing Active Directory: Difference between revisions

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* <code>--option="interfaces=lo eth0" --option="bind interfaces only=yes"</code>: If your server has multiple network interfaces, use these options to bind Samba to the specified interfaces. This enables the <code>samba-tool</code> command to register the correct LAN IP address in the directory during the join.
* <code>--option="interfaces=lo eth0" --option="bind interfaces only=yes"</code>: If your server has multiple network interfaces, use these options to bind Samba to the specified interfaces. This enables the <code>samba-tool</code> command to register the correct LAN IP address in the directory during the join.

{{Imbox
| type = note
| text = If the other DCs are Samba DCs and were provisioned with <code>--use-rfc2307</code>, you Should add <code>--option='idmap_ldb:use rfc2307 = yes'</code> to the join command
}}




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= Verifying the DNS Entries =
= Verifying the DNS Entries =


See [[Verifying_and_Creating_a_DC_DNS_Record|Verifying and Creating a DC DNS Record]].
If you join a Samba DC that runs Samba 4.7 and later, <code>samba-tool</code> created all required DNS entries automatically. To manually create the records on an earlier version, see [[Verifying_and_Creating_a_DC_DNS_Record|Verifying and Creating a DC DNS Record]].

{{Imbox
| type = important
| text = Do not skip this step. If the DNS entries are missing, the directory replication fails.
}}




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= Built-in Groups GID Mappings =
= Built-in User & Group ID Mappings =


Samba currently does not support Sysvol replication. If you plan to use a [[SysVol_replication_(DFS-R)|Sysvol Replication]] workaround, you have to ensure that all domain controllers (DC) use the same GID mappings for built-in groups:
Sysvol replication is currently not supported on Samba. To use a [[SysVol_replication_(DFS-R)|Sysvol Replication]] workaround, all domain controllers (DC) must use the same ID mappings for built-in users and groups.


By default, a Samba DC stores the user & group IDs in 'xidNumber' attributes in 'idmap.ldb'. Because of the way 'idmap.ldb' works, you cannot guarantee that each DC will use the same ID for a given user or group. To ensure that you do use the same IDs, you must:
* Create a hot-backup of the <code>/usr/local/samba/private/idmap.ldb</code> file a existing DC:

* Create a hot-backup of the <code>/usr/local/samba/private/idmap.ldb</code> file on the existing DC:


# tdbbackup -s .bak /usr/local/samba/private/idmap.ldb
# tdbbackup -s .bak /usr/local/samba/private/idmap.ldb
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= Directory Replication =
= Verifying Directory Replication =


A few minutes after the domain controller (DC) started, the connections with all other DCs are automatically established and the replication begins.
After the domain controller (DC) has been started, the knowledge consistency checker (KCC) on the Samba DC creates replication agreements to other DCs in the Active Directory (AD) forest. It can take up to 15 minutes until the KCC creates the auto-generated replication connections.


To verify the directory replication, run on a Samba DC:
For details about how to verify that the directory replication works correctly, see [[Verifying the Directory Replication Statuses]].


{{Imbox
# samba-tool drs showrepl
| type = note
Default-First-Site-Name\DC2
| text = To optimize replication latency and cost, the KCC in Samba 4.5 and later no longer creates a fully-meshed replication topology between all DCs. For further details, see [[The Samba KCC]].
DSA Options: 0x00000001
}}
DSA object GUID: c14a774f-9732-4ec2-b9fa-2156c95c4e48
DSA invocationId: 7bdb135c-6868-4dd9-9460-33dea4b6b87b
==== INBOUND NEIGHBORS ====
CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Default-First-Site-Name\DC1 via RPC
DSA object GUID: 4a6bd92a-6612-4b15-aa8c-9ec371e8994f
Last attempt @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:46 2015 CEST was successful
0 consecutive failure(s).
Last success @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:46 2015 CEST
DC=DomainDnsZones,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Default-First-Site-Name\DC1 via RPC
DSA object GUID: 4a6bd92a-6612-4b15-aa8c-9ec371e8994f
Last attempt @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:45 2015 CEST was successful
0 consecutive failure(s).
Last success @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:45 2015 CEST
CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Default-First-Site-Name\DC1 via RPC
DSA object GUID: 4a6bd92a-6612-4b15-aa8c-9ec371e8994f
Last attempt @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:46 2015 CEST was successful
0 consecutive failure(s).
Last success @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:46 2015 CEST
DC=ForestDnsZones,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Default-First-Site-Name\DC1 via RPC
DSA object GUID: 4a6bd92a-6612-4b15-aa8c-9ec371e8994f
Last attempt @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:45 2015 CEST was successful
0 consecutive failure(s).
Last success @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:45 2015 CEST
DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Default-First-Site-Name\DC1 via RPC
DSA object GUID: 4a6bd92a-6612-4b15-aa8c-9ec371e8994f
Last attempt @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:45 2015 CEST was successful
0 consecutive failure(s).
Last success @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:45 2015 CEST
==== OUTBOUND NEIGHBORS ====
CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Default-First-Site-Name\DC1 via RPC
DSA object GUID: 4a6bd92a-6612-4b15-aa8c-9ec371e8994f
Last attempt @ NTTIME(0) was successful
0 consecutive failure(s).
Last success @ NTTIME(0)
DC=DomainDnsZones,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Default-First-Site-Name\DC1 via RPC
DSA object GUID: 4a6bd92a-6612-4b15-aa8c-9ec371e8994f
Last attempt @ NTTIME(0) was successful
0 consecutive failure(s).
Last success @ NTTIME(0)
CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Default-First-Site-Name\DC1 via RPC
DSA object GUID: 4a6bd92a-6612-4b15-aa8c-9ec371e8994f
Last attempt @ NTTIME(0) was successful
0 consecutive failure(s).
Last success @ NTTIME(0)
DC=ForestDnsZones,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Default-First-Site-Name\DC1 via RPC
DSA object GUID: 4a6bd92a-6612-4b15-aa8c-9ec371e8994f
Last attempt @ NTTIME(0) was successful
0 consecutive failure(s).
Last success @ NTTIME(0)
DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Default-First-Site-Name\DC1 via RPC
DSA object GUID: 4a6bd92a-6612-4b15-aa8c-9ec371e8994f
Last attempt @ NTTIME(0) was successful
0 consecutive failure(s).
Last success @ NTTIME(0)
==== KCC CONNECTION OBJECTS ====
Connection --
Connection name: fb03f58b-1654-4a02-8e11-f0ea120b60cc
Enabled : TRUE
Server DNS name : DC1.samdom.example.com
Server DN name : CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC1,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
TransportType: RPC
options: 0x00000001
Warning: No NC replicated for Connection!

It can take several minutes until all connections are established. If the connections on existing Samba DCs to the Windows DC are not established within 15 minutes, start the replication manually. For details, see [[Samba-tool_drs_replicate|samba-tool drs replicate]].

If you see the warning <code>No NC replicated for Connection!</code>, see [[FAQ#What_does_Warning:_No_NC_replicated_for_Connection.21_Mean.3F|FAQ: What does Warning: No NC replicated for Connection! Means]].




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= Starting the BIND daemon =
= Starting BIND =


Before you start the BIND daemon, verify that the DNS directory partitions have been replicated:
Before you start the BIND daemon, verify that the DNS directory partitions have been successfully replicated:


# samba-tool drs showrepl
# samba-tool drs showrepl
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Last success @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:45 2015 CEST
Last success @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:45 2015 CEST


If the replication is working, start the BIND daemon. See your distribution's documentation for information how to start a service.
If the replication works correctly, start the BIND service. See your distribution's documentation for information how to start a service.




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Samba currently does not support Sysvol replication. For unsupported workarounds, see [[SysVol_replication_(DFS-R)|Sysvol Replication]].
Samba currently does not support Sysvol replication. For unsupported workarounds, see [[SysVol_replication_(DFS-R)|Sysvol Replication]].

{{Imbox
| type = note
| text = If there are more than the default GPOs in Sysvol on the other DC(s), you must sync Sysvol to the new DC, <code>samba-tool ntacl sysvolreset</code> will throw an error if you do not.
}}





Revision as of 19:52, 11 January 2018

Introduction

Running one domain controller (DC) is sufficient for a working Active Directory (AD) forest. However, for failover and load balancing reasons, you should add further DCs to your AD forest. Joining an additional Samba DC to an existing AD differs from provisioning the first DC in a forest. If you set up a new AD forest, see Setting up Samba as an Active Directory Domain Controller.



Preparing the Installation

For details, see Preparing the Installation in the Setting up Samba as an Active Directory Domain Controller documentation.



Installing Samba

For details, see Installing Samba.



Preparing the Host for Joining the Domain

Local DNS server

By default, the first Domain Controller (DC) in a forest runs a DNS server for Active Directory (AD)-based zones. For failover reasons it is recommended to run multiple DCs acting as a DNS server in a network. If you consider providing a DNS service on the new DC:

  • For the BIND9_DLZ back end, see BIND9_DLZ DNS Back End. Finish this task before you start the Samba DC service.
  • For the internal DNS no further actions are required.


Configuring DNS

For details, see Linux and Unix DNS Configuration.


Kerberos

Set the following settings in your Kerberos client configuration file /etc/krb5.conf:

[libdefaults]
    dns_lookup_realm = false
    dns_lookup_kdc = true
    default_realm = SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM

To verify the settings use the kinit command to request a Kerberos ticket for the domain administrator:

# kinit administrator
Password for administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM:

To list Kerberos tickets:

# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM

Valid starting       Expires              Service principal
24.09.2015 19:56:55  25.09.2015 05:56:55  krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
	renew until 25.09.2015 19:56:53



Joining the Active Directory as a Domain Controller

To join the domain samdom.example.com as a domain controller (DC) that additionally acts as a DNS server using the Samba internal DNS:

# samba-tool domain join samdom.example.com DC -U"SAMDOM\administrator" --dns-backend=SAMBA_INTERNAL
Finding a writeable DC for domain 'samdom.example.com'
Found DC dc1.samdom.example.com
Password for [SAMDOM\administrator]:
workgroup is SAMDOM
realm is samdom.example.com
Adding CN=DC2,OU=Domain Controllers,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Adding CN=DC2,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Adding CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC2,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Adding SPNs to CN=DC2,OU=Domain Controllers,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Setting account password for DC2$
Enabling account
Calling bare provision
Looking up IPv4 addresses
Looking up IPv6 addresses
No IPv6 address will be assigned
Setting up share.ldb
Setting up secrets.ldb
Setting up the registry
Setting up the privileges database
Setting up idmap db
Setting up SAM db
Setting up sam.ldb partitions and settings
Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE
Pre-loading the Samba 4 and AD schema
A Kerberos configuration suitable for Samba 4 has been generated at /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf
Provision OK for domain DN DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Starting replication
Schema-DN[CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[402/1550] linked_values[0/0]
Schema-DN[CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[804/1550] linked_values[0/0]
Schema-DN[CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[1206/1550] linked_values[0/0]
Schema-DN[CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[1550/1550] linked_values[0/0]
Analyze and apply schema objects
Partition[CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[402/1618] linked_values[0/0]
Partition[CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[804/1618] linked_values[0/0]
Partition[CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[1206/1618] linked_values[0/0]
Partition[CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[1608/1618] linked_values[0/0]
Partition[CN=Configuration,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[1618/1618] linked_values[42/0]
Replicating critical objects from the base DN of the domain
Partition[DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[100/100] linked_values[23/0]
Partition[DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[386/286] linked_values[23/0]
Done with always replicated NC (base, config, schema)
Replicating DC=DomainDnsZones,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Partition[DC=DomainDnsZones,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[44/44] linked_values[0/0]
Replicating DC=ForestDnsZones,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
Partition[DC=ForestDnsZones,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com] objects[19/19] linked_values[0/0]
Committing SAM database
Sending DsReplicaUpdateRefs for all the replicated partitions
Setting isSynchronized and dsServiceName
Setting up secrets database
Joined domain SAMDOM (SID S-1-5-21-469703510-2364959079-1506205053) as a DC

See the samba-tool domain join --help command's output for further information.

Other parameters frequently used with the samba-tool domain join command:

  • --option="interfaces=lo eth0" --option="bind interfaces only=yes": If your server has multiple network interfaces, use these options to bind Samba to the specified interfaces. This enables the samba-tool command to register the correct LAN IP address in the directory during the join.



Verifying the DNS Entries

If you join a Samba DC that runs Samba 4.7 and later, samba-tool created all required DNS entries automatically. To manually create the records on an earlier version, see Verifying and Creating a DC DNS Record.



Configuring the BIND9_DLZ DNS Back End

If you selected the BIND9_DLZ DNS back end during the domain join, set up the BIND configuration. For details, see BIND9_DLZ DNS Back End.



Built-in User & Group ID Mappings

Sysvol replication is currently not supported on Samba. To use a Sysvol Replication workaround, all domain controllers (DC) must use the same ID mappings for built-in users and groups.

By default, a Samba DC stores the user & group IDs in 'xidNumber' attributes in 'idmap.ldb'. Because of the way 'idmap.ldb' works, you cannot guarantee that each DC will use the same ID for a given user or group. To ensure that you do use the same IDs, you must:

  • Create a hot-backup of the /usr/local/samba/private/idmap.ldb file on the existing DC:
# tdbbackup -s .bak /usr/local/samba/private/idmap.ldb
This creates a backup file /usr/local/samba/private/idmap.ldb.bak.
  • Move the backup file to the /usr/local/samba/private/ folder on the new joined DC and remove the .bak suffix to replace the existing file.
  • Reset the Sysvol folder's file system access control lists (ACL) on the new DC:
# samba-tool ntacl sysvolreset



Starting the Samba Service

To start the samba Samba Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC) service manually, enter:

# samba

Samba does not provide System V init scripts, systemd, upstart, or other services configuration files.

  • If you installed Samba using packages, use the script or service configuration file included in the package to start Samba.
  • If you built Samba, see Managing the Samba AD DC Service.



Verifying Directory Replication

After the domain controller (DC) has been started, the knowledge consistency checker (KCC) on the Samba DC creates replication agreements to other DCs in the Active Directory (AD) forest. It can take up to 15 minutes until the KCC creates the auto-generated replication connections.

For details about how to verify that the directory replication works correctly, see Verifying the Directory Replication Statuses.



Starting BIND

Before you start the BIND daemon, verify that the DNS directory partitions have been successfully replicated:

# samba-tool drs showrepl
...
==== INBOUND NEIGHBORS ====
...
DC=DomainDnsZones,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
	Default-First-Site-Name\DC1 via RPC
		DSA object GUID: 4a6bd92a-6612-4b15-aa8c-9ec371e8994f
		Last attempt @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:45 2015 CEST was successful
		0 consecutive failure(s).
		Last success @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:45 2015 CEST
...
DC=ForestDnsZones,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com
	Default-First-Site-Name\DC1 via RPC
		DSA object GUID: 4a6bd92a-6612-4b15-aa8c-9ec371e8994f
		Last attempt @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:45 2015 CEST was successful
		0 consecutive failure(s).
		Last success @ Thu Sep 24 20:08:45 2015 CEST

If the replication works correctly, start the BIND service. See your distribution's documentation for information how to start a service.



Testing your Samba AD DC

Verifying the File Server

For details, see Verifying the File Server in the Setting up Samba as an Active Directory Domain Controller documentation.


Testing the Local DNS Server

Skip this step if you selected --dns-backend=NONE during the join.

Query the local DNS server to resolve the domain name samdom.example.com:

# host -t A samdom.example.com localhost
Using domain server:
Name: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1#53
Aliases:

samdom.example.com has address 10.99.0.1
samdom.example.com has address 10.99.0.2

The local DNS resolves the domain name to the IP addresses of all domain controllers (DC).

In case you receive no or a different result, review this documentation and check:

  • the system log files,
  • the Samba log files,
  • the BIND log files, if the BIND9_DLZ is used.


Verifying Kerberos

For details, see Verifying Kerberos in the Setting up Samba as an Active Directory Domain Controller documentation.



DNS Configuration on Domain Controllers

The DNS configuration on domain controllers (DC) is important, because if it is unable to locate other DCs the replication will fail. The following is a best practice for DNS configuration on domain controllers (DC):

Set the local IP of a DC as secondary or tertiary nameserver entry in its /etc/resolv.conf file and use a different Active Directory (AD) DNS server IP from the forest as primary name server. For example:

On the new joined DC, use the 10.99.0.1 IP of the existing DC as primary and the local 10.99.0.2 IP as secondary nameserver entry:

nameserver 10.99.0.1
nameserver 10.99.0.2       # IP of the new joined DC as secondary entry
search samdom.example.com

If you are running more than two DCs, you can configure the IPs in crosswise direction.



Configuring Time Synchronisation

Kerberos requires a synchronised time on all domain members. For further details and how to set up the ntpd service, see Time Synchronisation.



Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC

Optional. For details, see Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC.



Using the Domain Controller as a File Server

For details, see Using the Domain Controller as a File Server.



Sysvol Replication

Samba currently does not support Sysvol replication. For unsupported workarounds, see Sysvol Replication.



Testing the Directory Replication

To test that the directory replication works correctly, add for example a user on an existing DC and verify that it shows up automatically on the newly joined DC.

Optionally use the ldapcmp utility to compare two directories. For details, see samba-tool ldapcmp.



Troubleshooting

For further details, see Samba AD DC Troubleshooting.