DNS Administration: Difference between revisions

From SambaWiki
(explain that the DNS forwarder cannot be configured via MMC)
(22 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
If you're running Samba as Active Directory Domain Controller, you also have to administer a DNS server.
If you're running Samba as Active Directory Domain Controller, you also have to administer a DNS server.


You will already find general [[DNS|information on the internal DNS and the BIND DLZ module]] and documentation about [[DNS_Backend_BIND|Bind as DNS Backend]] in the Wiki.
You will already find general [[The_Samba_AD_DNS_Back_Ends|information on the internal DNS and the BIND DLZ module]] and documentation about [[BIND9_DLZ_DNS_Back_End|Bind as DNS Backend]] in the Wiki.






= General =
= General =
Line 11: Line 15:
* '''samdom.example.com''': Zone for your domain.
* '''samdom.example.com''': Zone for your domain.
* '''_msdcs.samdom.example.com''': This is the ForestDNSZone, that contains several service records for the entire directory.
* '''_msdcs.samdom.example.com''': This is the ForestDNSZone, that contains several service records for the entire directory.






= Features =
= Features =
Line 25: Line 33:


* Different zone transfer settings on internal DNS (denied) and BIND DLZ (allowed). [https://bugzilla.samba.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9634 Bug report #9634: Samba Bind DLZ module allows zone transfers for everyone]
* Different zone transfer settings on internal DNS (denied) and BIND DLZ (allowed). [https://bugzilla.samba.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9634 Bug report #9634: Samba Bind DLZ module allows zone transfers for everyone]






= Importance of DNS for Active Directory =
= Importance of DNS for Active Directory =


A working Active Directory is heavily based on a working DNS. It's not just for resolving IP addresses into names and vice versa. Clients find their Domain Controller/s and other important AD services by DNS queries.
A working Active Directory is heavily based on a working DNS. It's not just for resolving IP addresses into names and vice versa. Clients find their Domain Controller/s and other important AD services by DNS queries, this means that your clients must use your Domain Controller/s as their nameservers. Do not use anything else between your clients and Domain Controller/s.




Line 36: Line 48:
= Administering DNS on Windows =
= Administering DNS on Windows =


To administer DNS from a Windows client, you have to install the DNS MMC Snap-In. See [[Installing_RSAT_on_Windows_for_AD_Management|Installing RSAT on Windows for AD Management]] for more details.
To administer DNS from a Windows client, you have to install the DNS MMC Snap-In. See [[Installing RSAT|Installing RSAT on Windows for AD Management]] for more details.

If you use the internal DNS server, there are the following known problems:

* Scavenging is not implemented yet. The error message "This function is not supported on this system" is returned.
* Conditional forwarders are not implemented yet. The same error message as above is returned.
* The DNS forwarder can only be changed in the smb.conf, not via the MMC Snap-In.
* Creating static records. When a static record is created it has a timestamp and the option "Delete this record when it becomes stale". In Windows Active Directory, static records have a "static" timestamp and cannot be accidently deleted.





Line 79: Line 99:


'''Note''': Currently both DNS backends don't support all features that can be setup in the dialogues. If you discover problems or missing features, please open a bug report/feature request at [https://bugzilla.samba.org/ https://bugzilla.samba.org/].
'''Note''': Currently both DNS backends don't support all features that can be setup in the dialogues. If you discover problems or missing features, please open a bug report/feature request at [https://bugzilla.samba.org/ https://bugzilla.samba.org/].




== Creating a new zone ==
== Creating a new zone ==
Line 109: Line 131:


The internal DNS backend currently needs a restart of Samba to take effect. See [https://bugzilla.samba.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9404 bug report #9404].
The internal DNS backend currently needs a restart of Samba to take effect. See [https://bugzilla.samba.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9404 bug report #9404].




== Deleting a zone ==
== Deleting a zone ==
Line 115: Line 139:


: [[Image:DNS_Delete_Zone.png]]
: [[Image:DNS_Delete_Zone.png]]






= Administering DNS on Linux/Unix =
= Administering DNS on Linux/Unix =
Line 176: Line 196:


The internal DNS backend currently needs a restart of Samba to take effect. See [https://bugzilla.samba.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9404 bug report #9404].
The internal DNS backend currently needs a restart of Samba to take effect. See [https://bugzilla.samba.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9404 bug report #9404].




== Deleting a zone ==
== Deleting a zone ==
Line 187: Line 209:




== Listing existing zones ==


* Example: listing secondary zones
# samba-tool dns zonelist <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> --secondary -U administrator



== Listing zone information ==

* Example: showing information about a zone
# samba-tool dns zoneinfo <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> <zone-name> -U administrator



== Listing zone records ==

* Example: listing records from a zone
# samba-tool dns query <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> <zone-name> @ ALL -U administrator


= Configuring clients to use your AD DNS server =
= Configuring clients to use your AD DNS server =


* [[DNS_Configuration_Windows|Windows]]
* [[Windows_DNS_Configuration|Windows]]
* [[DNS_Configuration_Linux|Linux]]
* [[Linux_and_Unix_DNS_Configuration|Linux/Unix]]
* [[DNS_Configuration_MacOSX|MacOSX]]
* [[MacOSX_DNS_Configuration|MacOSX]]
* [[DNS_Configuration_Other_Unixes|Other Unixes]]




Line 202: Line 240:
= Testing your DNS Server =
= Testing your DNS Server =


See [[Testing_DNS_Name_Resolution|Testing DNS Name Resolution]].
See [[Testing_the_DNS_Name_Resolution|Testing the DNS Name Resolution]].





----
[[Category:Active Directory]]
[[Category:DNS]]

Revision as of 23:08, 7 February 2018

Introduction

If you're running Samba as Active Directory Domain Controller, you also have to administer a DNS server.

You will already find general information on the internal DNS and the BIND DLZ module and documentation about Bind as DNS Backend in the Wiki.



General

By default, Samba creates the following two forward zones during provisioning/upgrading (of course with your own domain name):

  • samdom.example.com: Zone for your domain.
  • _msdcs.samdom.example.com: This is the ForestDNSZone, that contains several service records for the entire directory.



Features

The Samba internal DNS is a new implementation. Although BIND is a grown up DNS and long in production on millions of servers, the Samba BIND DLZ module is still new. That's why both backends don't yet cover all the features that you can setup with the Microsoft DNS tools. If you discover problems or missing features, please open a bug report/feature request at https://bugzilla.samba.org/.

Even though the internal DNS and the BIND DLZ modules are new, they both support all basic requirements for Active Directory and more.


Known/issues missing features



Importance of DNS for Active Directory

A working Active Directory is heavily based on a working DNS. It's not just for resolving IP addresses into names and vice versa. Clients find their Domain Controller/s and other important AD services by DNS queries, this means that your clients must use your Domain Controller/s as their nameservers. Do not use anything else between your clients and Domain Controller/s.



Administering DNS on Windows

To administer DNS from a Windows client, you have to install the DNS MMC Snap-In. See Installing RSAT on Windows for AD Management for more details.

If you use the internal DNS server, there are the following known problems:

  • Scavenging is not implemented yet. The error message "This function is not supported on this system" is returned.
  • Conditional forwarders are not implemented yet. The same error message as above is returned.
  • The DNS forwarder can only be changed in the smb.conf, not via the MMC Snap-In.
  • Creating static records. When a static record is created it has a timestamp and the option "Delete this record when it becomes stale". In Windows Active Directory, static records have a "static" timestamp and cannot be accidently deleted.



Adding new records

  • Navigate to the zone, where you want to to add a new record.
  • Right-click to it and choose the kind of record to add.
DNS Manager Add records.png
  • Fill the fields and save the new entry.


Updating existing records

  • Navigate to the zone that contains the record you want to edit.
  • Right-click the record and choose „Properties“.
DNS Manager Change record.png
  • Edit the entry and save the changes.


Delete a record

  • Navigate to the zone that contains the record you want to remove.
  • Right-click to the record and choose „Delete“.


Changing zone properties

  • Right-click to a zone of which you you want to do changes.
  • Choose „Properties“.

Note: Currently both DNS backends don't support all features that can be setup in the dialogues. If you discover problems or missing features, please open a bug report/feature request at https://bugzilla.samba.org/.


Creating a new zone

As example we'll add a reverse lookup zone.

  • Right-click to „Reverse Lookup Zones“ and choose „New Zone“.
  • The „New Zone Wizard“ appears.
  • Zone Type: Select „Primary zone“ and „Store the zone in Active Directory“.
DNS Add Zone Wizzard 1.png
  • Zone Replication Scope: Depends on your needs.
DNS Add Zone Wizzard 2.png
  • Reverse Lookup Zone Name: Depends on your needs.
DNS Add Zone Wizzard 3.png
Dynamic Update: Depends on your needs.
DNS Add Zone Wizzard 4.png
  • Finish the wizard.

If you are using BIND_DLZ as the backend, then your new zone is directly live without restarting Samba or BIND.

The internal DNS backend currently needs a restart of Samba to take effect. See bug report #9404.


Deleting a zone

  • Right-click to a zone and choose „Delete“.
DNS Delete Zone.png

Administering DNS on Linux/Unix

Adding new records

  • Example: Adding an A record
# samba-tool dns add <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> samdom.example.com demo A 10.99.0.55
Password for [administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]:
Record added successfully
  • Example: Adding a PTR record to a reverse zone
# samba-tool dns add <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa 55 PTR demo.samdom.example.com
Password for [administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]:
Record added successfully
  • Example: Adding a SRV record to _tcp.samdom.example.com
# samba-tool dns add <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> samdom.example.com _demo._tcp SRV 'demo.samdom.example.com 8080 0 100'
Password for [administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]:
Record added successfully
A note on SRV records: The order of the four parameters in the last field („data“) are 'hostname port priority weight' and have to be between ' '.


Updating existing records

  • Example: Changing an A record
# samba-tool dns update <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> samdom.example.com demo A 10.99.0.55 10.99.0.66
Password for [administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]:
Record updated succefully


Delete a record

  • Example: Deleting an A record
# samba-tool dns delete <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> samdom.example.com demo A 10.99.0.55
Password for [administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]:
Record deleted succefully


Creating a new zone

As example we'll add a reverse lookup zone.

# samba-tool dns zonecreate <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa
Password for [administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]:
Zone 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa created successfully

If you are using BIND_DLZ as the backend, then your new zone is directly live without restarting Samba or BIND.

The internal DNS backend currently needs a restart of Samba to take effect. See bug report #9404.


Deleting a zone

  • Example: Deleting a reverse zone:
# samba-tool dns zonedelete <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa
Password for [administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]:
Zone 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa delete successfully


Listing existing zones

  • Example: listing secondary zones
# samba-tool dns zonelist <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> --secondary -U administrator


Listing zone information

  • Example: showing information about a zone
# samba-tool dns zoneinfo <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> <zone-name> -U administrator


Listing zone records

  • Example: listing records from a zone
# samba-tool dns query <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> <zone-name> @ ALL -U administrator

Configuring clients to use your AD DNS server



Testing your DNS Server

See Testing the DNS Name Resolution.