Configuring clustered Samba: Difference between revisions

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= Goal =
= Setting up pCIFS using Samba and CTDB =


Configure clustered Samba using a CTDB cluster
As of April 2007 you can setup a simple Samba3 or Samba4 CTDB cluster, running either on loopback (with simulated nodes) or on a real cluster with TCP. This page will tell you how to get started.


= Note =
== Clustering Model ==


This page still contains some details not directly relevant to clustering Samba. The documentation is being cleaned up and restructured.
The setup instructions on this page are modelled on setting up a cluster of N nodes that function in nearly all respects as a single multi-homed node. So the cluster will export N IP interfaces, each of which is equivalent (same shares) and which offers coherent CIFS file access across all nodes.


= Prerequisites =
The clustering model utilizes IP takeover techniques to ensure that the full set of public IP addresses assigned to services on the cluster will always be available to the clients even when some nodes have failed and become unavailable.


* [[Basic CTDB configuration]]
== Binary Packages ==
* [[Setting up a cluster filesystem]]

* [[Configuring the CTDB recovery lock]] (recommended)
Binary packages for some operating systems are available on the CTDB home page at http://ctdb.samba.org/
* [[Adding public IP addresses]] (or some other failover/load balancing scheme)


== Getting the source code ==

If you are building from source, you need two source trees, one is a copy of Samba3, and the other is the ctdb code itself. CTDB source trees are stored in bzr repositories. See http://bazaar-vcs.org/ for more information on bzr.

Since Samba version 3.3 all cluster-relevant changes have been merged to the mainstream Samba code. Please refer to the Samba website for download details and current release information.

To get an initial checkout of the ctdb code do this:
rsync -avz samba.org::ftp/unpacked/ctdb .
To update this tree when improvements are made in the upstream code do this:
cd ctdb
bzr merge http://samba.org/~tridge/ctdb
If you don't have bzr and can't easily install it, then you can instead use the following command to update your tree to the latest version:
cd ctdb
rsync -avz samba.org::ftp/unpacked/ctdb/ .

== Building the CTDB tree ==

To build a copy of the CTDB code you should do this:
cd ctdb
./autogen.sh
./configure
make
make install

You need to install ctdb on all nodes of your cluster.

== Building the Samba3 tree ==

To build a copy of Samba3 with clustering and ctdb support you should do this:
cd samba-3.3.x/source
./autogen.sh
./configure --with-ctdb=/usr/src/ctdb --with-cluster-support --enable-pie=no
make proto
make

Once compiled, you should install Samba on all cluster nodes.

The /usr/src/ctdb path should be replaced with the path to the ctdb sources that you downloaded above. If you have installed


=Samba Configuration=
=Samba Configuration=
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A clustered Samba install must set some specific configuration parameters
A clustered Samba install must set some specific configuration parameters


netbios name = something
* clustering = yes
clustering = yes
* idmap backend = tdb2
idmap config * : backend = autorid
* private dir = /a/directory/on/your/cluster/filesystem
idmap config * : range = 1000000-1999999


NB:
It is vital that the private directory is on shared storage.
* See [https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/manpages/idmap_autorid.8.html idmap(8)] for more information about the idmap configuration
* netbios name should be the same on all nodes


Note that <code>bind interfaces only = yes</code> should not be used when configuring clustered Samba with [[Adding public IP addresses|CTDB public IP addresses]]. CTDB will start <code>smbd</code> before public IP addresses are hosted, so <code>smbd</code> will not listen on any of the public IP addresses. When public IP addresses are eventually hosted, <code>smbd</code> will not bind to the new addresses.
= CTDB Cluster Configuration =


==Using the Samba registry==
These are the primary configuration files for CTDB. When CTDB is installed, it will install template versions of these files which you need to edit to suit your system. The current set of config files for CTDB are also available from http://samba.org/~tridge/ctdb/config


A recommended way of ensuring that all Samba nodes have the same configuration is to put most configuration into the registry.
=== /etc/sysconfig/ctdb ===


This means that <code>smb.conf</code> can be as simple as:
This file contains the startup parameters for ctdb. When you installed ctdb, a template config file
should have been installed in /etc/sysconfig/ctdb. Edit that file, following the instructions
in the template.


[global]
The most important options are:
clustering = yes
include = registry


The initial contents of the registry can then be placed into a file (say <code>tmp.conf</code>):
* CTDB_RECOVERY_LOCK
* CTDB_PUBLIC_ADDRESSES
* CTDB_PUBLIC_INTERFACE
* CTDB_MANAGES_SAMBA


[global]
Please check those carefully
security = ADS
logging = syslog
log level = 1
netbios name = test
workgroup = SAMBA
realm = samba.example.com
idmap config * : backend = autorid
idmap config * : range = 1000000-1999999


and loaded from one of the nodes:


net conf import tmp.conf
=== /etc/ctdb/nodes ===


Further <code>net conf</code> commands such as <code>net conf addshare</code> can then be used to continue configuration.
This file needs to be created as /etc/ctdb/nodes and contains a list of the private IP addresses that the CTDB daemons will use in your cluster.
This should be a private non-routable subnet which is only used for internal cluster traffic.
This file must be the same on all nodes in the cluster.


= Configure CTDB to manage Samba =
Example :
10.1.1.1
10.1.1.2
10.1.1.3
10.1.1.4


For CTDB to manage Samba, the <code>50.samba</code> event script must be enabled
=== /etc/ctdb/public_addresses ===


ctdb event script enable legacy 50.samba
This file is only required if you plan to use IP takeover.
In order to use IP takeover you must specify which interface to use in /etc/sysconfig/ctdb by specifying the CTDB_PUBLIC_INTERFACE variable.
You must also specify the list of public IP addresses to use in this file.


This causes CTDB to start and stop Samba at startup and shutdown. It also tells CTDB to monitor Samba.
This file contains a list (one for each node) of public cluster addresses. these are the addresses that the SMBD daemons will bind to. This file must contain one address for each node, i.e. it must have the same number of entries as the nodes file.


Similarly, if using <code>winbind</code>, CTDB should also be configured to manage it:
Example:
192.168.1.1/24
192.168.1.2/24
192.168.2.1/24
192.168.2.2/24


ctdb event script enable legacy 49.winbind
These are the IP addresses that you should configure in DNS for the name of the clustered samba server and are the addresses that CIFS clients will connect to.
The CTDB cluster utilizes IP takeover techniques to ensure that as long as at least one node in the cluster is available, all the public IP addresses will always be available to clients.


Please see the <code>event</code> command in [http://ctdb.samba.org/manpages/ctdb.1.html ctdb(1)] for more details.
CTDB nodes will only take over IP addresses that are inside the same subnet as its own public IP address.
In the example above, nodes 0 and 1 would be able to take over each others public ip and analog for nodes 2 and 3, but node 0 and 1 would NOT be able
to take over the IP addresses for nodes 2 or 3 since they are on a different subnet.


CTDB will manage and start/stop/restart the Samba services, so the operating system should be configured so these are not started/stopped automatically.
Do not assign these addresses to any of the interfaces on the host. CTDB will add and remove these addresses automatically at runtime.


== Red Hat Linux variants ==
=== /etc/ctdb/events.d ===
This is a collection of script that is called out to by CTDB when certain events occur to allow for site specific tasks to be performed.


If using a Red Hat Linux variant, the Samba services are <code>smb</code> and <code>winbind</code>. Starting them at boot time is not recommended and this can be disabled using <code>chkconfig</code>.
The events currently implemented and called out for are
1, when the cluster starts up
2, when a node takes over an ip address
3, when a node releases an ip address
4, when recovery has completed and the cluster is reconfigured
5, when the cluster performs a clean shutdown
6, during normal operations ot monitor the health of each managed service


chkconfig smb off
Please see the service scripts that installed by ctdb in /etc/ctdb/events.d for examples of how to configure other services to be aware of the HA features of CTDB.
chkconfig winbind off


The service names and mechanism for disabling them varies across operating systems.
Also see /etc/ctdb/events.d/README for additional documentation on how to write and modify event scripts.


= Event scripts =


CTDB clustering for Samba involves the <code>50.samba</code> and <code>49.winbind</code> event scripts. These are provided as part of CTDB and do not usually need to be changed.
=== /etc/services ===


There are several configuration variables that affect the operation of these scripts. Please see [http://ctdb.samba.org/manpages/ctdb-script.options.5.html ctdb-script.options(5)] for details.
CTDB defaults to use IANA assigned TCP port 4379 for its traffic.
Configuring a different port to use for CTDB traffic is done by adding a ctdb entry to the /etc/services file.


= Filesystem specific configuration =
Example: for change CTDB to use port 9999 add the following line to /etc/services


The cluster filesystem you use with ctdb plays a critical role in ensuring that CTDB works seamlessly.
ctdb 9999/tcp
Here are some filesystem specific tips


If you are interested in testing a new cluster filesystem with CTDB then we strongly recommend looking at the page on testing filesystems using [[ping_pong|ping_pong]] to ensure that the cluster filesystem supports correct POSIX locking semantics.
Note: all nodes in the cluster MUST use the same port or else CTDB will not start correctly.


== IBM GPFS filesystem ==
= Name resolution =


The [https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSFKCN/gpfs_welcome.html GPFS] filesystem (now known as [https://www-03.ibm.com/systems/storage/spectrum/scale/ Spectrum Scale ]) is a proprietary cluster filesystem that has been extensively tested with CTDB/Samba. When using GPFS, the following smb.conf settings are recommended
You need to setup some method for your Windows and NFS clients to find the nodes of the cluster, and automatically balance the load between the nodes. We recommend that you setup a round-robin DNS entry for your cluster, listing all the public IP addresses that CTDB will be managing as a single DNS A record.


vfs objects = gpfs fileid
You may also wish to setup a static WINS server entry listing all of your cluster nodes IP addresses.

= Managing Network Interfaces =

The default install of CTDB is able to add/remove IP addresses from your network interfaces using the CTDB_PUBLIC_ADDRESSS option shown above.

For more sophisticated interface management you will need to add a new events script in /etc/ctdb/events.d/.

For example, say you wanted CTDB to add a default route when it brings it up. You could have an event script called /etc/ctdb/events.d/11.route that looks like this:

#!/bin/sh
gpfs:sharemodes = yes
. /etc/ctdb/functions
loadconfig ctdb
fileid:algorithm = fsname
cmd="$1"
shift
force unknown acl user = yes
case $cmd in
nfs4: mode = special
takeip)
nfs4: chown = yes
# we ignore errors from this, as the route might be up already when we're grabbing
nfs4: acedup = merge
# a 2nd IP on this interface
/sbin/ip route add $CTDB_PUBLIC_NETWORK via $CTDB_PUBLIC_GATEWAY dev $1 2> /dev/null
;;
esac
exit 0


The ACL related options should only be enabled if you have NFSv4 ACLs enabled on your filesystem
Then you would put CTDB_PUBLIC_NETWORK and CTDB_PUBLIC_GATEWAY in /etc/sysconfig/ctdb like this:


The most important of these options is the "fileid:algorithm". You risk data corruption if you use a different mapping backend with Samba and GPFS, because locking wilk break across nodes. NOTE: You must also load "fileid" as a vfs object in order for this to take effect.
CTDB_PUBLIC_NETWORK="10.1.2.0/24"
CTDB_PUBLIC_GATEWAY="10.1.2.1"


A guide to configuring Samba with CTDB and GPFS can be found at [[Samba CTDB GPFS Cluster HowTo]]


== RedHat GFS filesystem ==


[http://www.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/html/Global_File_System/index.html Red Hat GFS] is a native file system that interfaces directly with the Linux kernel file system interface (VFS layer).
= Filesystem specific configuration =


The gfs_controld daemon manages mounting, unmounting, recovery and posix locks. Edit /etc/init.d/cman (If using RedHat Cluster Suite) to start gfs_controld with the '-l 0 -o 1' flags to optimize posix locking performance. You'll notice the difference this makes by running the [http://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Ping_pong ping_pong] test with and without these options.
The cluster filesystem you use with ctdb plays a critical role in ensuring that CTDB works seamlessly.
Here are some filesystem specific tips


A complete HowTo document to setup clustered samba with CTDB and GFS2 is here: [[GFS CTDB HowTo]]
If you are interested in testing a new cluster filesystem with CTDB then I strongly recommend looking at the page on testing filesystems using [[ping_pong|ping_pong]]


== IBMs GPFS filesystem ==
== Lustre filesystem ==


Lustre® is a scalable, secure, robust, highly-available cluster file system. It is designed, developed and maintained by a number of companies ( [http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/software/intel-solutions-for-lustre-software.html Intel], [http://www.seagate.com/products/enterprise-servers-storage/enterprise-storage-systems/clustered-file-systems/ Seagate] ) and [http://opensfs.org/ OpenSFS] which is a not for profit organisation.
The GPFS filesystem (see http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/clusters/software/gpfs.html) is a proprietary cluster filesystem that has been extensively tested with CTDB/Samba. When using GPFS, the following smb.conf settings are recommended


Tests have been done on Lustre releases of 1.4.x and 1.6.x with CTDB/Samba, The current lustre release is 2.5.2 . When mounting Lustre, an option of "-o flock" should be specified to enable cluster-wide byte range lock among all Lustre clients.
clustering = yes
idmap backend = tdb2
fileid:mapping = fsname
vfs objects = gpfs fileid
gpfs:sharemodes = No
force unknown acl user = yes
nfs4: mode = special
nfs4: chown = yes
nfs4: acedup = merge


These two versions have differnt mechanisms of configuration and startup. More information is available at http://wiki.lustre.org.
The ACL related options should only be enabled if you have NFSv4 ACLs enabled on your filesystem


In comparison of Lustre configurating, setting up CTDB/Samba on the two different versions keeps the same way. The following settings are recommended:
The most important of these options is the "fileid:mapping". You risk data corruption if you use a different mapping backend with Samba and GPFS, because locking wilk break across nodes. NOTE: You must also load "fileid" as a vfs object in order for this to take effect.


vfs objects = fileid
One should '''not''' put any of Samba's TDB databases onto cluster storage. Eearlier versions of this document recommended the settings "private dir = /some/folder/on/storage/" and "use mmap = no". But this was before CTDB started to support persistent databases (like secrets.tdb) and was only a workaround for this deficiency. Current versions of CTDB handle persistent TDB databases automatically. If you really need to put TDB files directly on cluster storage for some reason, then you need to set "use mmap = no".
fileid:algorithm = fsname


The options of "fileid:mapping" must be specified to avoid possibe data corruption.
== Lustre filesystem ==


== GlusterFS filesystem ==
Lustre® is a scalable, secure, robust, highly-available cluster file system. It is designed, developed and maintained by Cluster File Systems, Inc (see http://www.clusterfs.com).


[http://www.gluster.org/ GlusterFS] is a cluster file-system capable of scaling to several peta-bytes that is easy to configure. It aggregates various storage bricks over Infiniband RDMA or TCP/IP interconnect into one large parallel network file system. GlusterFS is based on a stackable user space design without compromising performance. It uses Linux File System in Userspace (FUSE) to achieve all this.
Tests have been done on Lustre releases of 1.4.x and 1.6.x with CTDB/Samba. When mounting Lustre, an option of "-o flock" should be specified to enable cluster-wide byte range lock among all Lustre clients.


NOTE: GlusterFS has not yet had extensive testing but this is currently underway.
These two versions have differnt mechanisms of configuration and startup. More information is available at http://wiki.lustre.org.


Currently from versions 2.0 to 2.0.4 of GlusterFS, it must be patched with:
In comparison of Lustre configurating, setting up CTDB/Samba on the two different versions keeps the same way. The following settings are recommended:


http://patches.gluster.com/patch/813/
clustering = yes
idmap backend = tdb2
private dir=/mnt/lustre/ctdb
fileid:mapping = fsname
use mmap = no
nt acl support = yes
ea support = yes


This is to ensure GlusterFS passes the ping_pong test. This issue is being tracked at:
The options of "fileid:mapping" and "use mmap" must be specified to avoid possibe data corruption. The sixth of "nt acl support" is to map the POSIX ACL to Windows NT's format. At the moment, Lustre only supports POSIX ACL.


http://bugs.gluster.com/cgi-bin/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=159
== Other cluster filesystems ==

Update: As of GlusterFS 2.0.6 this has been fixed.


== OCFS2 ==
Other cluster filesystems which should work, but have not yet had extensive testing include


* GFS - see http://www.redhat.com/software/rha/gfs/
* OCFS2 - see http://oss.oracle.com/projects/ocfs2/
* OCFS2 - see http://oss.oracle.com/projects/ocfs2/


recommended settings:
I suspect that these filesystems will also need a fileid:mapping setting, but we have not yet had confirmation from the developers of those filesystems. The mapping is needed as cluster filesystems may not guarantee that the device ID of files (as given by stat()) will be the same on all cluster nodes.


vfs objects = fileid
OCFS2 1.4 offers cluster-wide byte-range locking, but the OCFS2 1.2 filesystem will need special handling, as it does not support cluster wide byte range locking. To work around this you will need to use some other sort of shared filesystem (such as NFS) for the "private directory" in Samba and the CTDB_RECOVERY_LOCK file in CTDB.
fileid:algorithm = fsid


= Starting the cluster =
OCFS2 1.4 offers cluster-wide byte-range locking.


== Other cluster filesystems ==
Just start the ctdb service on all nodes.


If you can't find documentation about your choice of cluster filesystem and clustered Samba then you might need to work around some limitations.
If you have taken advantage of the ability of CTDB to start other services, then you should disable those other services with chkconfig, or your systems service configuration tool. Those services will instead be started by ctdb using the /etc/ctdb/events.d service scripts.


=== Inconsistent device numbers ===
If you wish to cope with software faults in ctdb, or want ctdb to automatically restart when an administration kills it, then you may wish to add a cron entry for root like this:


Locking will not work if a cluster filesystem does not provide uniform device numbers across nodes. It testing shows locking problems then you should test [[Setting_up_a_cluster_filesystem#Checking_uniformity_of_device_and_inode_numbering|device number uniformity]] of your cluster filesystem.
* * * * * /etc/init.d/ctdb cron > /dev/null 2>&1


To work around a lack of device number uniformity, the following settings should be used in the global section of the Samba configuration:


vfs objects = fileid
= Testing your cluster =
fileid:algorithm = fsname


See [https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/manpages/vfs_fileid.8.html vfs_fileid(8)] for more information.
Once your cluster is up and running, you may wish to know how to test that it is functioning correctly. The following tests may help with that


= Testing clustered Samba =
=== Using ctdb ===


Once your cluster is up and running, you may wish to know how to test that it is functioning correctly. The following tests may help with that
The ctdb package comes with a utility called ctdb that can be used to view the behaviour of the ctdb cluster. If you run it with no options it will provide some terse usage information. The most commonly used commands are:

- ctdb ping
- ctdb status


=== Using smbcontrol ===
== Using smbcontrol ==


You can check for connectivity to the smbd daemons on each node using smbcontrol
You can check for connectivity to the smbd daemons on each node using smbcontrol
Line 277: Line 201:
- smbcontrol smbd ping
- smbcontrol smbd ping


=== Using Samba4 smbtorture ===
== Using Samba4 smbtorture ==


The Samba4 version of smbtorture has several tests that can be used to benchmark a CIFS cluster. You can download Samba4 like this:
The Samba4 version of smbtorture has several tests that can be used to benchmark a CIFS cluster. You can download Samba4 like this:


svn co svn://svnanon.samba.org/samba/branches/SAMBA_4_0
git clone git://git.samba.org/samba.git
cd samba/source4


Then configure and compile it as usual. The particular tests that are helpful for cluster benchmarking are the RAW-BENCH-OPEN, RAW-BENCH-LOCK and BENCH-NBENCH tests. These tests take a unclist that allows you to spread the workload out over more than one node. For example:
Then configure and compile it as usual. The particular tests that are helpful for cluster benchmarking are the RAW-BENCH-OPEN, RAW-BENCH-LOCK and BENCH-NBENCH tests. These tests take a unclist that allows you to spread the workload out over more than one node. For example:
Line 287: Line 212:
smbtorture //localhost/data -Uuser%password RAW-BENCH-LOCK --unclist=unclist.txt --num-progs=32 -t60
smbtorture //localhost/data -Uuser%password RAW-BENCH-LOCK --unclist=unclist.txt --num-progs=32 -t60


The file unclist.txt should contain a list of server names in your cluster prefixed by //. For example
The file unclist.txt should contain a list of share in your cluster (UNC format: ''//server//share''). For example


//node1
//node1/data
//node2
//node2/data
//node3
//node3/data
//node4
//node4/data


For NBENCH testing you need a client.txt file. A suitable file can be found in the dbench distribution at http://samba.org/ftp/tridge/dbench/
For NBENCH testing you need a client.txt file. A suitable file can be found in the dbench distribution at http://samba.org/ftp/tridge/dbench/

= Setting up CTDB for clustered NFS =

Configure CTDB as above and set it up to use public ipaddresses.
Verify that the CTDB cluster works.

== /etc/exports ==

Export the same directory from all nodes. Also make sure to specify the fsid export option so that all nodes will present the same fsid to clients.
clients can get "upset" if the fsid on a mount suddenly changes.

/gpfs0/data *(rw,fsid=1235)

== /etc/sysconfig/nfs ==

This file must be edited to point statd to keep its state directory on shared storage instead of in a local directory.
We must also make statd use a fixed port to listen on that is the same for all nodes in the cluster.
If we don't specify a fixed port, the statd port will change during failover which causes problems on some clients.

This file should look something like :

CTDB_MANAGES_NFS=yes
NFS_TICKLE_SHARED_DIRECTORY=/gpfs0/nfs-tickles
STATD_PORT=595
STATD_OUTGOING_PORT=596
MOUNTD_PORT=597
RQUOTAD_PORT=598
LOCKD_UDPPORT=599
LOCKD_TCPPORT=599
STATD_SHARED_DIRECTORY=/gpfs0/nfs-state
NFS_HOSTNAME="ctdb"
STATD_HOSTNAME="$NFS_HOSTNAME -P "$STATD_SHARED_DIRECTORY/$PUBLIC_IP" -H /etc/ctdb/statd-callout -p 97"
RPCNFSDARGS="-N 4"

The CTDB_MANAGES_NFS line tells the events scripts that CTDB is to manage startup and shutdown of the NFS and NFSLOCK services.
With this set to yes, CTDB will start/stop/restart these services as required.

STATD_SHARED_DIRECTORY is the shared directory where statd and the statd-callout script expects that the state variables and lists of clients to notify are found.

The ip address specified should be the public address of this node.

The reason to specify the port used by the lockmanager is so that the port used by a public address will not change during address failover/failback since this can
confuse some clients.

NFS_TICKLE_SHARED_DIRECTORY is where ctdb will store information about which clients have established tcp connections to the cluster. This information is used during failover of ip addresses. This allows the node that takes over an ip address to very quickly 'tickle' and reset any tcp connections for the ip address it took over.
The reason to do this is to improve the speed at which a client will detect that the tcp connection for NFS needs to be reestablished and to speed up recovery in the client.

NFS_HOSTNAME is the name that the nfs server will use for the public addresses. This should be the same as the name samba uses.
This name must be resolvable into the ip addresses used for public addresses.

The RPCNFSDARGS line is used to disable support for NFSv4 which is not yet supported by CTDB.

== chkconfig ==

Since CTDB will manage and start/stop/restart the nfs and the nfslock services, you must disable them in chkconfig.

chkconfig nfs off
chkconfig nfslock off

== Statd state directories ==

For each node, create a state directory on shared storage where each local statd daemon can keep its state information. This needs to be on shared storage since
if a node takes over an ip address it needs to find the list of monitored clients to notify.
You need to create the directory used to host this statd state on shared storage.

mkdir /gpfs0/nfs-state

== Event scripts ==

CTDB clustering for NFS relies on two event scripts /etc/ctdb/events.d/60.nfs and /etc/ctdb/events.d/61.nfstickle.
These two scripts are provided by the RPM package and there should not be any need to change them.

== IMPORTANT ==

Never ever mount the same nfs share on a client from two different nodes in the cluster at the same time.
The client side caching in NFS is very fragile and assumes/relies on that an object can only be accessed through one single path at a time.

Latest revision as of 15:59, 13 November 2023

Goal

Configure clustered Samba using a CTDB cluster

Note

This page still contains some details not directly relevant to clustering Samba. The documentation is being cleaned up and restructured.

Prerequisites

Samba Configuration

Next you need to initialise the Samba password database, e.g.

 smbpasswd -a root

Samba with clustering must use the tdbsam or ldap SAM passdb backends (it must not use the default smbpasswd backend), or must be configured to be a member of a domain. The rest of the configuration of Samba is exactly as it is done on a normal system. See the docs on http://samba.org/ for details.

Critical smb.conf parameters

A clustered Samba install must set some specific configuration parameters

netbios name = something
clustering = yes
idmap config * : backend = autorid
idmap config * : range = 1000000-1999999

NB:

  • See idmap(8) for more information about the idmap configuration
  • netbios name should be the same on all nodes

Note that bind interfaces only = yes should not be used when configuring clustered Samba with CTDB public IP addresses. CTDB will start smbd before public IP addresses are hosted, so smbd will not listen on any of the public IP addresses. When public IP addresses are eventually hosted, smbd will not bind to the new addresses.

Using the Samba registry

A recommended way of ensuring that all Samba nodes have the same configuration is to put most configuration into the registry.

This means that smb.conf can be as simple as:

 [global]
       clustering = yes
       include = registry

The initial contents of the registry can then be placed into a file (say tmp.conf):

 [global]
       security = ADS
 
       logging = syslog
       log level = 1
 
       netbios name = test
       workgroup = SAMBA
       realm = samba.example.com
 
       idmap config * : backend = autorid
       idmap config * : range = 1000000-1999999

and loaded from one of the nodes:

 net conf import tmp.conf

Further net conf commands such as net conf addshare can then be used to continue configuration.

Configure CTDB to manage Samba

For CTDB to manage Samba, the 50.samba event script must be enabled

 ctdb event script enable legacy 50.samba

This causes CTDB to start and stop Samba at startup and shutdown. It also tells CTDB to monitor Samba.

Similarly, if using winbind, CTDB should also be configured to manage it:

 ctdb event script enable legacy 49.winbind

Please see the event command in ctdb(1) for more details.

CTDB will manage and start/stop/restart the Samba services, so the operating system should be configured so these are not started/stopped automatically.

Red Hat Linux variants

If using a Red Hat Linux variant, the Samba services are smb and winbind. Starting them at boot time is not recommended and this can be disabled using chkconfig.

 chkconfig smb off
 chkconfig winbind off

The service names and mechanism for disabling them varies across operating systems.

Event scripts

CTDB clustering for Samba involves the 50.samba and 49.winbind event scripts. These are provided as part of CTDB and do not usually need to be changed.

There are several configuration variables that affect the operation of these scripts. Please see ctdb-script.options(5) for details.

Filesystem specific configuration

The cluster filesystem you use with ctdb plays a critical role in ensuring that CTDB works seamlessly. Here are some filesystem specific tips

If you are interested in testing a new cluster filesystem with CTDB then we strongly recommend looking at the page on testing filesystems using ping_pong to ensure that the cluster filesystem supports correct POSIX locking semantics.

IBM GPFS filesystem

The GPFS filesystem (now known as Spectrum Scale ) is a proprietary cluster filesystem that has been extensively tested with CTDB/Samba. When using GPFS, the following smb.conf settings are recommended

vfs objects = gpfs fileid

gpfs:sharemodes = yes

fileid:algorithm = fsname

force unknown acl user = yes
nfs4: mode = special
nfs4: chown = yes
nfs4: acedup = merge

The ACL related options should only be enabled if you have NFSv4 ACLs enabled on your filesystem

The most important of these options is the "fileid:algorithm". You risk data corruption if you use a different mapping backend with Samba and GPFS, because locking wilk break across nodes. NOTE: You must also load "fileid" as a vfs object in order for this to take effect.

A guide to configuring Samba with CTDB and GPFS can be found at Samba CTDB GPFS Cluster HowTo

RedHat GFS filesystem

Red Hat GFS is a native file system that interfaces directly with the Linux kernel file system interface (VFS layer).

The gfs_controld daemon manages mounting, unmounting, recovery and posix locks. Edit /etc/init.d/cman (If using RedHat Cluster Suite) to start gfs_controld with the '-l 0 -o 1' flags to optimize posix locking performance. You'll notice the difference this makes by running the ping_pong test with and without these options.

A complete HowTo document to setup clustered samba with CTDB and GFS2 is here: GFS CTDB HowTo

Lustre filesystem

Lustre® is a scalable, secure, robust, highly-available cluster file system. It is designed, developed and maintained by a number of companies ( Intel, Seagate ) and OpenSFS which is a not for profit organisation.

Tests have been done on Lustre releases of 1.4.x and 1.6.x with CTDB/Samba, The current lustre release is 2.5.2 . When mounting Lustre, an option of "-o flock" should be specified to enable cluster-wide byte range lock among all Lustre clients.

These two versions have differnt mechanisms of configuration and startup. More information is available at http://wiki.lustre.org.

In comparison of Lustre configurating, setting up CTDB/Samba on the two different versions keeps the same way. The following settings are recommended:

vfs objects = fileid
fileid:algorithm = fsname

The options of "fileid:mapping" must be specified to avoid possibe data corruption.

GlusterFS filesystem

GlusterFS is a cluster file-system capable of scaling to several peta-bytes that is easy to configure. It aggregates various storage bricks over Infiniband RDMA or TCP/IP interconnect into one large parallel network file system. GlusterFS is based on a stackable user space design without compromising performance. It uses Linux File System in Userspace (FUSE) to achieve all this.

NOTE: GlusterFS has not yet had extensive testing but this is currently underway.

Currently from versions 2.0 to 2.0.4 of GlusterFS, it must be patched with:

http://patches.gluster.com/patch/813/

This is to ensure GlusterFS passes the ping_pong test. This issue is being tracked at:

http://bugs.gluster.com/cgi-bin/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=159

Update: As of GlusterFS 2.0.6 this has been fixed.

OCFS2

recommended settings:

vfs objects = fileid
fileid:algorithm = fsid

OCFS2 1.4 offers cluster-wide byte-range locking.

Other cluster filesystems

If you can't find documentation about your choice of cluster filesystem and clustered Samba then you might need to work around some limitations.

Inconsistent device numbers

Locking will not work if a cluster filesystem does not provide uniform device numbers across nodes. It testing shows locking problems then you should test device number uniformity of your cluster filesystem.

To work around a lack of device number uniformity, the following settings should be used in the global section of the Samba configuration:

vfs objects = fileid
fileid:algorithm = fsname

See vfs_fileid(8) for more information.

Testing clustered Samba

Once your cluster is up and running, you may wish to know how to test that it is functioning correctly. The following tests may help with that

Using smbcontrol

You can check for connectivity to the smbd daemons on each node using smbcontrol

- smbcontrol smbd ping

Using Samba4 smbtorture

The Samba4 version of smbtorture has several tests that can be used to benchmark a CIFS cluster. You can download Samba4 like this:

 git clone git://git.samba.org/samba.git
 cd samba/source4

Then configure and compile it as usual. The particular tests that are helpful for cluster benchmarking are the RAW-BENCH-OPEN, RAW-BENCH-LOCK and BENCH-NBENCH tests. These tests take a unclist that allows you to spread the workload out over more than one node. For example:

 smbtorture //localhost/data -Uuser%password  RAW-BENCH-LOCK --unclist=unclist.txt --num-progs=32 -t60

The file unclist.txt should contain a list of share in your cluster (UNC format: //server//share). For example

//node1/data
//node2/data
//node3/data
//node4/data

For NBENCH testing you need a client.txt file. A suitable file can be found in the dbench distribution at http://samba.org/ftp/tridge/dbench/