Configuring clustered Samba: Difference between revisions

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= Goal =
= Setting up pCIFS using Samba and CTDB =


Configure clustered Samba using a CTDB cluster
As of April 2007 you can setup a simple Samba3 or Samba4 CTDB cluster, running either on loopback (with simulated nodes) or on a real cluster with TCP. This page will tell you how to get started.


= Note =
== Clustering Model ==


This page still contains some details not directly relevant to clustering Samba. The documentation is being cleaned up and restructured.
The setup instructions on this page are modelled on setting up a cluster of N nodes that function in nearly all respects as a single multi-homed node. So the cluster will export N IP interfaces, each of which is equivalent (same shares) and which offers coherent CIFS file access across all nodes.


= Prerequisites =
The clustering model utilizes IP takeover techniques to ensure that the full set of public IP addresses assigned to services on the cluster will always be available to the clients even when some nodes have failed and become unavailable.


* [[Basic CTDB configuration]]
* [[Setting up a cluster filesystem]]
* [[Configuring the CTDB recovery lock]] (recommended)
* [[Adding public IP addresses]] (or some other failover/load balancing scheme)


=Samba Configuration=
=Samba Configuration=
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A clustered Samba install must set some specific configuration parameters
A clustered Samba install must set some specific configuration parameters


netbios name = something *
netbios name = something
clustering = yes
clustering = yes
idmap config * : backend = autorid
idmap config * : backend = autorid
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NB:
NB:
* See [https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/manpages/idmap_autorid.8.html idmap(8)] for more information about the idmap configuration
* See [https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/manpages/idmap_autorid.8.html idmap(8)] for more information about the idmap configuration
* netbios name should be the same on all node
* netbios name should be the same on all nodes


Note that <code>bind interfaces only = yes</code> should not be used when configuring clustered Samba with [[Adding public IP addresses|CTDB public IP addresses]]. CTDB will start <code>smbd</code> before public IP addresses are hosted, so <code>smbd</code> will not listen on any of the public IP addresses. When public IP addresses are eventually hosted, <code>smbd</code> will not bind to the new addresses.
If using the Samba registry then these must be set in smb.conf:


ctdb:registry.tdb=yes
==Using the Samba registry==
include=registry


A recommended way of ensuring that all Samba nodes have the same configuration is to put most configuration into the registry.
= CTDB Cluster Configuration =


This means that <code>smb.conf</code> can be as simple as:
These are the primary configuration files for CTDB. When CTDB is installed, it will install template versions of these files which you need to edit to suit your system. The current set of config files for CTDB are also available in the /usr/src/ctdb/config directory.


[global]
=== CTDB configuration file ===
clustering = yes
include = registry


The initial contents of the registry can then be placed into a file (say <code>tmp.conf</code>):
The preferred file for CTDB configuration is <code>/etc/ctdb/ctdbd.conf</code>. Linux distribution-specific configuration files such as <code>/etc/sysconfig/ctdb</code> or <code>/etc/default/ctdb</code> are also supported. Depending on how you install CTDB, a template configuration file may be installed.


[global]
The most important options are:
security = ADS
logging = syslog
log level = 1
netbios name = test
workgroup = SAMBA
realm = samba.example.com
idmap config * : backend = autorid
idmap config * : range = 1000000-1999999


and loaded from one of the nodes:
* CTDB_NODES
* CTDB_RECOVERY_LOCK
* CTDB_PUBLIC_ADDRESSES
* CTDB_MANAGES_SAMBA


net conf import tmp.conf
Please see [http://ctdb.samba.org/manpages/ctdbd.conf.5.html ctdbd.conf(5)] for more details.


Further <code>net conf</code> commands such as <code>net conf addshare</code> can then be used to continue configuration.
=== Recovery lock ===


= Configure CTDB to manage Samba =
The recovery lock, configured via <code>CTDB_RECOVERY_LOCK</code> provides important split-brain prevention and is usually configured to point to a locl file in the cluster filesystem. See the RECOVERY LOCK section in [http://ctdb.samba.org/manpages/ctdb.7.html ctdb(7)] for more details.


For CTDB to manage Samba, the <code>50.samba</code> event script must be enabled
=== /etc/ctdb/nodes ===


ctdb event script enable legacy 50.samba
By default <code>CTDB_NODES</code> points to <code>/etc/ctdb/nodes</code> and contains a list of the private IP addresses that the CTDB daemons will use in your cluster. This should be a private non-routeable subnet which is only used for internal cluster traffic. This file must be the same on all nodes in the cluster.


This causes CTDB to start and stop Samba at startup and shutdown. It also tells CTDB to monitor Samba.
Example :
10.1.1.1
10.1.1.2
10.1.1.3
10.1.1.4


Similarly, if using <code>winbind</code>, CTDB should also be configured to manage it:
=== /etc/ctdb/public_addresses ===


ctdb event script enable legacy 49.winbind
This file is only required if you plan to use IP takeover. The CTDB_PUBLIC_ADDRESSES configuration variable must be set to point to this file, otherwise it will be ignored. The file contains a list of public IP addresses, one per line, each with an optional (comma-separated) list of network interfaces that can have that address assigned. These are the addresses that the SMBD daemons will bind to.


Please see the <code>event</code> command in [http://ctdb.samba.org/manpages/ctdb.1.html ctdb(1)] for more details.
Example:
192.168.1.1/24 eth1
192.168.1.2/24 eth1
192.168.2.1/24 eth2
192.168.2.2/24 eth2


CTDB will manage and start/stop/restart the Samba services, so the operating system should be configured so these are not started/stopped automatically.
If network interfaces are not specified on all lines in the public addresses file then the CTDB_PUBLIC_INTERFACE configuration variable must be used to specify a default interface.


== Red Hat Linux variants ==
These are the IP addresses that you should configure in DNS for the name of the clustered samba server and are the addresses that CIFS clients will connect to.
The CTDB cluster utilizes IP takeover techniques to ensure that as long as at least one node in the cluster is available, all the public IP addresses will always be available to clients.


If using a Red Hat Linux variant, the Samba services are <code>smb</code> and <code>winbind</code>. Starting them at boot time is not recommended and this can be disabled using <code>chkconfig</code>.
Do not manually assign these addresses to any of the interfaces on the host. CTDB will add and remove these addresses automatically at runtime.


chkconfig smb off
There is no built-in restriction on the number of IP addresses or network interfaces that can be used. However, performance limitations (e.g. time taken to calculate IP address distribution, time taken to break TCP connections and delete IPs from interfaces, ...) introduce practical limits. With a small number of nodes it is sensible to plan the IP addresses so that they can be evenly redistributed across subsets of nodes. For example, a 4 node cluster will always be able to evenly distribute 12 public IP addresses (across 4, 3, 2, 1 nodes). Having IP addresses evenly balanced is not a hard requirement but evenly balancing IP addresses is the only method of load balancing used by CTDB.
chkconfig winbind off


The service names and mechanism for disabling them varies across operating systems.
The public addresses file can differ between nodes, allowing subsets of nodes to host particular public IP addresses. Note that pathological configurations can result in undesirable IP address distribution.


= Event scripts =
=== /etc/ctdb/events.d ===

This directory contains event scripts that are called out to by CTDB when certain events occur. Event scripts support health monitoring, service management, IP failover, internal CTDB operations and features. They handle events such as <code>startup</code>, <code>shutdown</code>, <code>monitor</code>, <code>releaseip</code> and <code>takeip</code>.

Please see the service scripts that installed by ctdb in /etc/ctdb/events.d for examples of how to configure other services to be aware of the HA features of CTDB.

Also see /etc/ctdb/events.d/README for additional documentation on how to write and modify event scripts.

=== /etc/services ===

CTDB defaults to use IANA assigned TCP port 4379 for its traffic.
Configuring a different port to use for CTDB traffic is done by adding a ctdb entry to the /etc/services file.

Example: for change CTDB to use port 9999 add the following line to /etc/services

ctdb 9999/tcp

Note: all nodes in the cluster MUST use the same port or else CTDB will not start correctly.

= Name resolution =

You need to setup some method for your Windows and NFS clients to find the nodes of the cluster, and automatically balance the load between the nodes. We recommend that you setup a round-robin DNS entry for your cluster, listing all the public IP addresses that CTDB will be managing as a single DNS A record.

You may also wish to setup a static WINS server entry listing all of your cluster nodes IP addresses.

= Managing Network Interfaces =

The default install of CTDB is able to add/remove IP addresses from your network interfaces using the CTDB_PUBLIC_ADDRESSS option shown above.

For more sophisticated interface management you will need to add a new events script in /etc/ctdb/events.d/.

For example, say you wanted CTDB to add a default route when it brings it up. You could have an event script called /etc/ctdb/events.d/11.route that looks like this:

#!/bin/sh
. /etc/ctdb/functions
loadconfig ctdb
cmd="$1"
shift
case $cmd in
takeip)
# we ignore errors from this, as the route might be up already when we're grabbing
# a 2nd IP on this interface
/sbin/ip route add $CTDB_PUBLIC_NETWORK via $CTDB_PUBLIC_GATEWAY dev $1 2> /dev/null
;;
esac
exit 0

Then you would put CTDB_PUBLIC_NETWORK and CTDB_PUBLIC_GATEWAY in /etc/sysconfig/ctdb like this:

CTDB_PUBLIC_NETWORK="10.1.2.0/24"
CTDB_PUBLIC_GATEWAY="10.1.2.1"


CTDB clustering for Samba involves the <code>50.samba</code> and <code>49.winbind</code> event scripts. These are provided as part of CTDB and do not usually need to be changed.


There are several configuration variables that affect the operation of these scripts. Please see [http://ctdb.samba.org/manpages/ctdb-script.options.5.html ctdb-script.options(5)] for details.


= Filesystem specific configuration =
= Filesystem specific configuration =
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If you are interested in testing a new cluster filesystem with CTDB then we strongly recommend looking at the page on testing filesystems using [[ping_pong|ping_pong]] to ensure that the cluster filesystem supports correct POSIX locking semantics.
If you are interested in testing a new cluster filesystem with CTDB then we strongly recommend looking at the page on testing filesystems using [[ping_pong|ping_pong]] to ensure that the cluster filesystem supports correct POSIX locking semantics.


== IBMs GPFS filesystem ==
== IBM GPFS filesystem ==


The GPFS filesystem (see http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/clusters/software/gpfs.html) is a proprietary cluster filesystem that has been extensively tested with CTDB/Samba. When using GPFS, the following smb.conf settings are recommended
The [https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSFKCN/gpfs_welcome.html GPFS] filesystem (now known as [https://www-03.ibm.com/systems/storage/spectrum/scale/ Spectrum Scale ]) is a proprietary cluster filesystem that has been extensively tested with CTDB/Samba. When using GPFS, the following smb.conf settings are recommended


clustering = yes
idmap backend = tdb2
fileid:mapping = fsname
vfs objects = gpfs fileid
vfs objects = gpfs fileid
gpfs:sharemodes = No
gpfs:sharemodes = yes
fileid:algorithm = fsname
force unknown acl user = yes
force unknown acl user = yes
nfs4: mode = special
nfs4: mode = special
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The ACL related options should only be enabled if you have NFSv4 ACLs enabled on your filesystem
The ACL related options should only be enabled if you have NFSv4 ACLs enabled on your filesystem


The most important of these options is the "fileid:mapping". You risk data corruption if you use a different mapping backend with Samba and GPFS, because locking wilk break across nodes. NOTE: You must also load "fileid" as a vfs object in order for this to take effect.
The most important of these options is the "fileid:algorithm". You risk data corruption if you use a different mapping backend with Samba and GPFS, because locking wilk break across nodes. NOTE: You must also load "fileid" as a vfs object in order for this to take effect.


A guide to configuring Samba with CTDB and GPFS can be found at [[Samba CTDB GPFS Cluster HowTo]]
A guide to configuring Samba with CTDB and GPFS can be found at [[Samba CTDB GPFS Cluster HowTo]]
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In comparison of Lustre configurating, setting up CTDB/Samba on the two different versions keeps the same way. The following settings are recommended:
In comparison of Lustre configurating, setting up CTDB/Samba on the two different versions keeps the same way. The following settings are recommended:


vfs objects = fileid
clustering = yes
fileid:algorithm = fsname
idmap backend = tdb2
fileid:mapping = fsname
use mmap = no
nt acl support = yes
ea support = yes


The options of "fileid:mapping" and "use mmap" must be specified to avoid possibe data corruption. The sixth of "nt acl support" is to map the POSIX ACL to Windows NT's format. At the moment, Lustre only supports POSIX ACL.
The options of "fileid:mapping" must be specified to avoid possibe data corruption.


== GlusterFS filesystem ==
== GlusterFS filesystem ==
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recommended settings:
recommended settings:


fileid:mapping = fsid
vfs objects = fileid
vfs objects = fileid
fileid:algorithm = fsid


OCFS2 1.4 offers cluster-wide byte-range locking.
OCFS2 1.4 offers cluster-wide byte-range locking.


= Starting the cluster =
== Other cluster filesystems ==


If you can't find documentation about your choice of cluster filesystem and clustered Samba then you might need to work around some limitations.
Just start the ctdb service on all nodes. A sample init script (works for RedHat) is located in /usr/src/ctdb/config/ctdb.init


=== Inconsistent device numbers ===
If you have taken advantage of the ability of CTDB to start other services, then you should disable those other services with chkconfig, or your systems service configuration tool. Those services will instead be started by ctdb using the /etc/ctdb/events.d service scripts.


Locking will not work if a cluster filesystem does not provide uniform device numbers across nodes. It testing shows locking problems then you should test [[Setting_up_a_cluster_filesystem#Checking_uniformity_of_device_and_inode_numbering|device number uniformity]] of your cluster filesystem.
If you wish to cope with software faults in ctdb, or want ctdb to automatically restart when an administration kills it, then you may wish to add a cron entry for root like this:


To work around a lack of device number uniformity, the following settings should be used in the global section of the Samba configuration:
* * * * * /etc/init.d/ctdb cron > /dev/null 2>&1


vfs objects = fileid
= Testing your cluster =
fileid:algorithm = fsname


See [https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/manpages/vfs_fileid.8.html vfs_fileid(8)] for more information.
Once your cluster is up and running, you may wish to know how to test that it is functioning correctly. The following tests may help with that


= Testing clustered Samba =
=== Using ctdb ===


Once your cluster is up and running, you may wish to know how to test that it is functioning correctly. The following tests may help with that
The ctdb package comes with a utility called ctdb that can be used to view the behaviour of the ctdb cluster. If you run it with no options it will provide some terse usage information. The most commonly used commands are:

- ctdb ping
- ctdb status


=== Using smbcontrol ===
== Using smbcontrol ==


You can check for connectivity to the smbd daemons on each node using smbcontrol
You can check for connectivity to the smbd daemons on each node using smbcontrol
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- smbcontrol smbd ping
- smbcontrol smbd ping


=== Using Samba4 smbtorture ===
== Using Samba4 smbtorture ==


The Samba4 version of smbtorture has several tests that can be used to benchmark a CIFS cluster. You can download Samba4 like this:
The Samba4 version of smbtorture has several tests that can be used to benchmark a CIFS cluster. You can download Samba4 like this:

Latest revision as of 15:59, 13 November 2023

Goal

Configure clustered Samba using a CTDB cluster

Note

This page still contains some details not directly relevant to clustering Samba. The documentation is being cleaned up and restructured.

Prerequisites

Samba Configuration

Next you need to initialise the Samba password database, e.g.

 smbpasswd -a root

Samba with clustering must use the tdbsam or ldap SAM passdb backends (it must not use the default smbpasswd backend), or must be configured to be a member of a domain. The rest of the configuration of Samba is exactly as it is done on a normal system. See the docs on http://samba.org/ for details.

Critical smb.conf parameters

A clustered Samba install must set some specific configuration parameters

netbios name = something
clustering = yes
idmap config * : backend = autorid
idmap config * : range = 1000000-1999999

NB:

  • See idmap(8) for more information about the idmap configuration
  • netbios name should be the same on all nodes

Note that bind interfaces only = yes should not be used when configuring clustered Samba with CTDB public IP addresses. CTDB will start smbd before public IP addresses are hosted, so smbd will not listen on any of the public IP addresses. When public IP addresses are eventually hosted, smbd will not bind to the new addresses.

Using the Samba registry

A recommended way of ensuring that all Samba nodes have the same configuration is to put most configuration into the registry.

This means that smb.conf can be as simple as:

 [global]
       clustering = yes
       include = registry

The initial contents of the registry can then be placed into a file (say tmp.conf):

 [global]
       security = ADS
 
       logging = syslog
       log level = 1
 
       netbios name = test
       workgroup = SAMBA
       realm = samba.example.com
 
       idmap config * : backend = autorid
       idmap config * : range = 1000000-1999999

and loaded from one of the nodes:

 net conf import tmp.conf

Further net conf commands such as net conf addshare can then be used to continue configuration.

Configure CTDB to manage Samba

For CTDB to manage Samba, the 50.samba event script must be enabled

 ctdb event script enable legacy 50.samba

This causes CTDB to start and stop Samba at startup and shutdown. It also tells CTDB to monitor Samba.

Similarly, if using winbind, CTDB should also be configured to manage it:

 ctdb event script enable legacy 49.winbind

Please see the event command in ctdb(1) for more details.

CTDB will manage and start/stop/restart the Samba services, so the operating system should be configured so these are not started/stopped automatically.

Red Hat Linux variants

If using a Red Hat Linux variant, the Samba services are smb and winbind. Starting them at boot time is not recommended and this can be disabled using chkconfig.

 chkconfig smb off
 chkconfig winbind off

The service names and mechanism for disabling them varies across operating systems.

Event scripts

CTDB clustering for Samba involves the 50.samba and 49.winbind event scripts. These are provided as part of CTDB and do not usually need to be changed.

There are several configuration variables that affect the operation of these scripts. Please see ctdb-script.options(5) for details.

Filesystem specific configuration

The cluster filesystem you use with ctdb plays a critical role in ensuring that CTDB works seamlessly. Here are some filesystem specific tips

If you are interested in testing a new cluster filesystem with CTDB then we strongly recommend looking at the page on testing filesystems using ping_pong to ensure that the cluster filesystem supports correct POSIX locking semantics.

IBM GPFS filesystem

The GPFS filesystem (now known as Spectrum Scale ) is a proprietary cluster filesystem that has been extensively tested with CTDB/Samba. When using GPFS, the following smb.conf settings are recommended

vfs objects = gpfs fileid

gpfs:sharemodes = yes

fileid:algorithm = fsname

force unknown acl user = yes
nfs4: mode = special
nfs4: chown = yes
nfs4: acedup = merge

The ACL related options should only be enabled if you have NFSv4 ACLs enabled on your filesystem

The most important of these options is the "fileid:algorithm". You risk data corruption if you use a different mapping backend with Samba and GPFS, because locking wilk break across nodes. NOTE: You must also load "fileid" as a vfs object in order for this to take effect.

A guide to configuring Samba with CTDB and GPFS can be found at Samba CTDB GPFS Cluster HowTo

RedHat GFS filesystem

Red Hat GFS is a native file system that interfaces directly with the Linux kernel file system interface (VFS layer).

The gfs_controld daemon manages mounting, unmounting, recovery and posix locks. Edit /etc/init.d/cman (If using RedHat Cluster Suite) to start gfs_controld with the '-l 0 -o 1' flags to optimize posix locking performance. You'll notice the difference this makes by running the ping_pong test with and without these options.

A complete HowTo document to setup clustered samba with CTDB and GFS2 is here: GFS CTDB HowTo

Lustre filesystem

Lustre® is a scalable, secure, robust, highly-available cluster file system. It is designed, developed and maintained by a number of companies ( Intel, Seagate ) and OpenSFS which is a not for profit organisation.

Tests have been done on Lustre releases of 1.4.x and 1.6.x with CTDB/Samba, The current lustre release is 2.5.2 . When mounting Lustre, an option of "-o flock" should be specified to enable cluster-wide byte range lock among all Lustre clients.

These two versions have differnt mechanisms of configuration and startup. More information is available at http://wiki.lustre.org.

In comparison of Lustre configurating, setting up CTDB/Samba on the two different versions keeps the same way. The following settings are recommended:

vfs objects = fileid
fileid:algorithm = fsname

The options of "fileid:mapping" must be specified to avoid possibe data corruption.

GlusterFS filesystem

GlusterFS is a cluster file-system capable of scaling to several peta-bytes that is easy to configure. It aggregates various storage bricks over Infiniband RDMA or TCP/IP interconnect into one large parallel network file system. GlusterFS is based on a stackable user space design without compromising performance. It uses Linux File System in Userspace (FUSE) to achieve all this.

NOTE: GlusterFS has not yet had extensive testing but this is currently underway.

Currently from versions 2.0 to 2.0.4 of GlusterFS, it must be patched with:

http://patches.gluster.com/patch/813/

This is to ensure GlusterFS passes the ping_pong test. This issue is being tracked at:

http://bugs.gluster.com/cgi-bin/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=159

Update: As of GlusterFS 2.0.6 this has been fixed.

OCFS2

recommended settings:

vfs objects = fileid
fileid:algorithm = fsid

OCFS2 1.4 offers cluster-wide byte-range locking.

Other cluster filesystems

If you can't find documentation about your choice of cluster filesystem and clustered Samba then you might need to work around some limitations.

Inconsistent device numbers

Locking will not work if a cluster filesystem does not provide uniform device numbers across nodes. It testing shows locking problems then you should test device number uniformity of your cluster filesystem.

To work around a lack of device number uniformity, the following settings should be used in the global section of the Samba configuration:

vfs objects = fileid
fileid:algorithm = fsname

See vfs_fileid(8) for more information.

Testing clustered Samba

Once your cluster is up and running, you may wish to know how to test that it is functioning correctly. The following tests may help with that

Using smbcontrol

You can check for connectivity to the smbd daemons on each node using smbcontrol

- smbcontrol smbd ping

Using Samba4 smbtorture

The Samba4 version of smbtorture has several tests that can be used to benchmark a CIFS cluster. You can download Samba4 like this:

 git clone git://git.samba.org/samba.git
 cd samba/source4

Then configure and compile it as usual. The particular tests that are helpful for cluster benchmarking are the RAW-BENCH-OPEN, RAW-BENCH-LOCK and BENCH-NBENCH tests. These tests take a unclist that allows you to spread the workload out over more than one node. For example:

 smbtorture //localhost/data -Uuser%password  RAW-BENCH-LOCK --unclist=unclist.txt --num-progs=32 -t60

The file unclist.txt should contain a list of share in your cluster (UNC format: //server//share). For example

//node1/data
//node2/data
//node3/data
//node4/data

For NBENCH testing you need a client.txt file. A suitable file can be found in the dbench distribution at http://samba.org/ftp/tridge/dbench/