Configure DHCP to update DNS records: Difference between revisions

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BINDIR=$(samba -b | grep 'BINDIR' | grep -v 'SBINDIR' | awk '{print $NF}')
BINDIR=$(samba -b | grep 'BINDIR' | grep -v 'SBINDIR' | awk '{print $NF}')
<nowiki>[[ -z $BINDIR ]] && printf "Cannot find the 'samba' binary, is it installed ?\\nOr is your path set correctly ?\\n"</nowiki>
WBINFO="$BINDIR/wbinfo"
WBINFO="$BINDIR/wbinfo"

Revision as of 15:50, 29 May 2021

Introduction

This HowTo describes how to configure isc DHCP to update Samba dns records in AD.

It has now been tested with the Samba AD internal DNS server and BIND9_DLZ.

This HowTo is based on a Debian OS install, the paths given may be different if you use another OS.

The script has now been modified to use samba-tool instead of nsupdate, it also can optionally add the macAddress attribute to a computers AD object, this attribute will contain the computers MAC address.


Preconditions

  • The computer has been provisioned as an AD DC and the samba, smbd and winbindd daemons are running.
  • Bind9_dlz is installed and working on the Samba AD DC, tested with various 9.x versions.
  • You have created any required reverse zones.
  • You are logged into the DC as 'root'
  • You are doing this on the same DC as Bind9 is installed on


Names and Addresses used in this howto

  • Realm  : SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM
  • Subnet  : 192.168.0.0
  • Netmask  : 255.255.255.0
  • Subnet-mask  : 255.255.255.0
  • Broadcast-address  : 192.168.0.255
  • Gateway  : 192.168.0.1
  • Domain-name  : samdom.example.com
  • Domain-name-servers  : 192.168.0.6, 192.168.0.5
  • Netbios-name-servers : 192.168.0.5, 192.168.0.6
  • Ntp-servers  : 192.168.0.5, 192.168.0.6;
  • Pool range  : 192.168.0.50 192.168.0.229


Install isc DHCP

First install the DHCP server

# apt-get install isc-dhcp-server

Or on FreeBSD:

# pkg install isc-dhcp44-server

Create a user to carry out the updates

You need a user that the script will run as, set a random password because you will never logon as the user.

# samba-tool user create dhcpduser --description="Unprivileged user for TSIG-GSSAPI DNS updates via ISC DHCP server" --random-password

Now set the users password to never expire and add the user to the DnsAdmins group.

# samba-tool user setexpiry dhcpduser --noexpiry
# samba-tool group addmembers DnsAdmins dhcpduser

Now export the required keytab. On FreeBSD change /etc/dhcpduser.keytab to /usr/local/etc/dhcpduser.keytab

# samba-tool domain exportkeytab --principal=dhcpduser@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM /etc/dhcpduser.keytab
# chown root:root  /etc/dhcpduser.keytab
# chmod 400  /etc/dhcpduser.keytab


Create the script for the updates

Copy this script to /usr/local/bin/dhcp-dyndns.sh

#!/bin/bash
# On FreeBSD change the above line to #!/usr/local/bin/bash
#
# /usr/local/bin/dhcp-dyndns.sh
#
# This script is for secure DDNS updates on Samba,
# it can also add the 'macAddress' to the Computers object.
#
# Version: 0.9.3
#
# Copyright (C) Rowland Penny 2020-2021
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

# You may need to ensure that you have a useful path
# If you have 'path' problems, Uncomment the next line and adjust for
# your setup e.g. self-compiled Samba
#export PATH=/usr/local/samba/bin:/usr/local/samba/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin

##########################################################################
#                                                                        #
#    You can optionally add the 'macAddress' to the Computers object.    #
#    Add 'dhcpduser' to the 'Domain Admins' group if used                #
#    Change the next line to 'yes' to make this happen                   #
Add_macAddress='no'
#                                                                        #
##########################################################################

# On FreeBSD change this to /usr/local/etc/dhcpduser.keytab
keytab=/etc/dhcpduser.keytab

usage() {
echo "USAGE:"
echo "  $(basename $0) add ip-address dhcid|mac-address hostname"
echo "  $(basename $0) delete ip-address dhcid|mac-address"
}

_KERBEROS () {
# get current time as a number
test=$(date +%d'-'%m'-'%y' '%H':'%M':'%S)
# Note: there have been problems with this
# check that 'date' returns something like

# Check for valid kerberos ticket
#logger "${test} [dyndns] : Running check for valid kerberos ticket"
klist -c "${KRB5CCNAME}" -s
if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
    logger "${test} [dyndns] : Getting new ticket, old one has expired"
    kinit -F -k -t $keytab "${SETPRINCIPAL}"
    # On FreeBSD change the -F to --no-forwardable     
    if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
        logger "${test} [dyndns] : dhcpd kinit for dynamic DNS failed"
        exit 1
   fi
fi
}

rev_zone_info () {
    local RevZone="$1"
    local IP="$2"
    local rzoneip
    rzoneip=$(echo "$RevZone" | sed 's/\.in-addr.arpa//')
    local rzonenum
    rzonenum=$(echo "$rzoneip" |  tr '.' '\n')
    declare -a words
    for n in $rzonenum
    do
      words+=("$n")
    done
    local numwords="${#words[@]}"

    unset ZoneIP
    unset RZIP
    unset IP2add

    case "$numwords" in
        1) # single ip rev zone '192'
           ZoneIP=$(echo "${IP}" | awk -F '.' '{print $1}')
           RZIP="${rzoneip}"
           IP2add=$(echo "${IP}" | awk -F '.' '{print $4"."$3"."$2}')
           ;;
        2) # double ip rev zone '168.192'
           ZoneIP=$(echo "${IP}" | awk -F '.' '{print $1"."$2}')
           RZIP=$(echo "${rzoneip}" | awk -F '.' '{print $2"."$1}')
           IP2add=$(echo "${IP}" | awk -F '.' '{print $4"."$3}')
           ;;
        3) # triple ip rev zone '0.168.192'
           ZoneIP=$(echo "${IP}" | awk -F '.' '{print $1"."$2"."$3}')
           RZIP=$(echo "${rzoneip}" | awk -F '.' '{print $3"."$2"."$1}')
           IP2add=$(echo "${IP}" | awk -F '.' '{print $4}')
           ;;
        *) # should never happen
           exit 1
           ;;
    esac
}

BINDIR=$(samba -b | grep 'BINDIR' | grep -v 'SBINDIR' | awk '{print $NF}')
[[ -z $BINDIR ]] && printf "Cannot find the 'samba' binary, is it installed ?\\nOr is your path set correctly ?\\n"
WBINFO="$BINDIR/wbinfo"

# DHCP Server hostname
Server=$(hostname -s)

# DNS domain
domain=$(hostname -d)
if [ -z ${domain} ]; then
    logger "Cannot obtain domain name, is DNS set up correctly?"
    logger "Cannot continue... Exiting."
    exit 1
fi
# Samba realm
REALM=$(echo ${domain^^})

# krbcc ticket cache
export KRB5CCNAME="/tmp/dhcp-dyndns.cc"

# Kerberos principal
SETPRINCIPAL="dhcpduser@${REALM}"
# Kerberos keytab as above
# krbcc ticket cache : /tmp/dhcp-dyndns.cc
TESTUSER="$($WBINFO -u | grep 'dhcpduser')"
if [ -z "${TESTUSER}" ]; then
    logger "No AD dhcp user exists, need to create it first.. exiting."
    logger "you can do this by typing the following commands"
    logger "kinit Administrator@${REALM}"
    logger "samba-tool user create dhcpduser --random-password --description='Unprivileged user for DNS updates via ISC DHCP server'"
    logger "samba-tool user setexpiry dhcpduser --noexpiry"
    logger "samba-tool group addmembers DnsAdmins dhcpduser"
    exit 1
fi

# Check for Kerberos keytab
if [ ! -f /etc/dhcpduser.keytab ]; then
    logger "Required keytab $keytab not found, it needs to be created."
    logger "Use the following commands as root"
    logger "samba-tool domain exportkeytab --principal=${SETPRINCIPAL} $keytab"
    logger "chown XXXX:XXXX $keytab"
    logger "Replace 'XXXX:XXXX' with the user & group that dhcpd runs as on your distro"
    logger "chmod 400 $keytab"
    exit 1
fi

# Variables supplied by dhcpd.conf
action="$1"
ip="$2"
DHCID="$3"
name="${4%%.*}"

# Exit if no ip address or mac-address
if [ -z "${ip}" ]; then
    usage
    exit 1
fi

# Exit if no computer name supplied, unless the action is 'delete'
if [ -z "${name}" ]; then
    if [ "${action}" = "delete" ]; then
        name=$(host -t PTR "${ip}" | awk '{print $NF}' | awk -F '.' '{print $1}')
    else
        usage
        exit 1
    fi
fi

# exit if name contains a space
case ${name} in
  *\ * ) logger "Invalid hostname '${name}' ...Exiting"
         exit
         ;;
esac

# exit if $name starts with 'dhcp'
# if you do not want computers without a hostname in AD
# uncomment the following block of code.
#if [[ $name == dhcp* ]]; then
#    logger "not updating DNS record in AD, invalid name"
#    exit 0
#fi

## update ##
case "${action}" in
    add)
        _KERBEROS
        count=0
        # does host have an existing 'A' record ?
        A_REC=$(samba-tool dns query ${Server} ${domain} ${name} A -k yes 2>/dev/null | grep 'A:' | awk '{print $2}')
        if [[ -z $A_REC ]]; then
            # no A record to delete
            result1=0
            samba-tool dns add ${Server} ${domain} "${name}" A ${ip} -k yes
            result2="$?"
        elif [ "$A_REC" = "${ip}" ]; then
              # Correct A record exists, do nothing
              logger "Correct 'A' record exists, not updating."
              result1=0
              result2=0
              count=$((count+1))
        elif [ "$A_REC" != "${ip}" ]; then
              # Wrong A record exists
              logger "'A' record changed, updating record."
              samba-tool dns delete ${Server} ${domain} "${name}" A ${A_REC} -k yes
              result1="$?"
              samba-tool dns add ${Server} ${domain} "${name}" A ${ip} -k yes
              result2="$?"
        fi

        # get existing reverse zones (if any)
        ReverseZones=$(samba-tool dns zonelist ${Server} -k yes --reverse | grep 'pszZoneName' | awk '{print $NF}')
        if [ -z "$ReverseZones" ]; then
            logger "No reverse zone found, not updating"
            result3='0'
            result4='0'
            count=$((count+1))
        else
            for revzone in $ReverseZones
            do
              rev_zone_info "$revzone" "${ip}"
              if [[ ${ip} = $ZoneIP* ]] && [ "$ZoneIP" = "$RZIP" ]; then
                  # does host have an existing 'PTR' record ?
                  PTR_REC=$(samba-tool dns query ${Server} ${revzone} ${IP2add} PTR -k yes 2>/dev/null | grep 'PTR:' | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F '.' '{print $1}')
                  if [[ -z $PTR_REC ]]; then
                      # no PTR record to delete
                      result3=0
                      samba-tool dns add ${Server} ${revzone} ${IP2add} PTR "${name}".${domain} -k yes
                      result4="$?"
                      break
                  elif [ "$PTR_REC" = "${name}" ]; then
                        # Correct PTR record exists, do nothing
                        logger "Correct 'PTR' record exists, not updating."
                        result3=0
                        result4=0
                        count=$((count+1))
                        break
                  elif [ "$PTR_REC" != "${name}" ]; then
                        # Wrong PTR record exists
                        # points to wrong host
                        logger "'PTR' record changed, updating record."
                        samba-tool dns delete ${Server} ${revzone} ${IP2add} PTR "${PTR_REC}".${domain} -k yes
                        result3="$?"
                        samba-tool dns add ${Server} ${revzone} ${IP2add} PTR "${name}".${domain} -k yes
                        result4="$?"
                        break
                  fi
              else
                  continue
              fi
            done
        fi
        ;;
 delete)
        _KERBEROS

        count=0
        samba-tool dns delete ${Server} ${domain} "${name}" A ${ip} -k yes
        result1="$?"
        # get existing reverse zones (if any)
        ReverseZones=$(samba-tool dns zonelist ${Server} --reverse -k yes | grep 'pszZoneName' | awk '{print $NF}')
        if [ -z "$ReverseZones" ]; then
            logger "No reverse zone found, not updating"
            result2='0'
            count=$((count+1))
        else
            for revzone in $ReverseZones
            do
              rev_zone_info "$revzone" "${ip}"
              if [[ ${ip} = $ZoneIP* ]] && [ "$ZoneIP" = "$RZIP" ]; then
                  host -t PTR ${ip} > /dev/null 2>&1
                  if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
                      samba-tool dns delete ${Server} ${revzone} ${IP2add} PTR "${name}".${domain} -k yes
                      result2="$?"
                  else
                      result2='0'
                      count=$((count+1))
                  fi
                  break
              else
                  continue
              fi
            done
        fi
        result3='0'
        result4='0'
        ;;
      *)
        logger "Invalid action specified"
        exit 103
        ;;
esac

result="${result1}:${result2}:${result3}:${result4}"

if [ "$count" -eq 0 ]; then
    if [ "${result}" != "0:0:0:0" ]; then
        logger "DHCP-DNS $action failed: ${result}"
        exit 1
    else
        logger "DHCP-DNS $action succeeded"
    fi
fi

if [ "$Add_macAddress" != 'no' ]; then
    if [ -n "$DHCID" ]; then
        Computer_Object=$(ldbsearch -k yes -H ldap://"$Server" "(&(objectclass=computer)(objectclass=ieee802Device)(cn=$name))" | grep -v '#' | grep -v 'ref:')
        if [ -z "$Computer_Object" ]; then
            # Computer object not found with the 'ieee802Device' objectclass, does the computer actually exist, it should.
            Computer_Object=$(ldbsearch -k yes -H ldap://"$Server" "(&(objectclass=computer)(cn=$name))" | grep -v '#' | grep -v 'ref:')
            if [ -z "$Computer_Object" ]; then
                logger "Computer '$name' not found. Exiting."
                exit 68
            else
                DN=$(echo "$Computer_Object" | grep 'dn:')
                objldif="$DN
changetype: modify
add: objectclass
objectclass: ieee802Device"

                attrldif="$DN
changetype: modify
add: macAddress
macAddress: $DHCID"

                # add the ldif
                echo "$objldif" | ldbmodify -k yes -H ldap://"$Server"
                ret="$?"
                if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then
                    logger "Error modifying Computer objectclass $name in AD."
                    exit "${ret}"
                fi
                sleep 2
                echo "$attrldif" | ldbmodify -k yes -H ldap://"$Server"
                ret="$?"
                if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then
                    logger "Error modifying Computer attribute $name in AD."
                    exit "${ret}"
                fi
                unset objldif
                unset attrldif
                logger "Successfully modified Computer $name in AD"
            fi
        else
            DN=$(echo "$Computer_Object" | grep 'dn:')
            attrldif="$DN
changetype: modify
replace: macAddress
macAddress: $DHCID"

            echo "$attrldif" | ldbmodify -k yes -H ldap://"$Server"
            ret="$?"
            if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then
                logger "Error modifying Computer attribute $name in AD."
                exit "${ret}"
            fi
            unset attrldif
            logger "Successfully modified Computer $name in AD"
        fi
    fi
fi

exit 0


If you wish to store the computers MAC address in AD, find this line:

Add_macAddress='no'

It is near the top of the script. Change 'no' to 'yes'. Note you will need to grant DomainAdmin privileges to the DNS update user.


Set the permissions on the script.

# chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/dhcp-dyndns.sh



Modify the dhcp conf file

First backup the original conf file.

# cp /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf.orig

Now edit /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf and make it look similar to the this.

authoritative;
ddns-update-style none;

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
  option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
  option time-offset 0;
  option routers 192.168.0.1;
  option domain-name "samdom.example.com";
  option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.6, 192.168.0.5;
  option ntp-servers 192.168.0.5, 192.168.0.6;
  pool {
    max-lease-time 1800; # 30 minutes
    range 192.168.0.50 192.168.0.229;
  }
}

on commit {
set noname = concat("dhcp-", binary-to-ascii(10, 8, "-", leased-address));
set ClientIP = binary-to-ascii(10, 8, ".", leased-address);
set ClientDHCID = concat (
suffix (concat ("0", binary-to-ascii (16, 8, "", substring(hardware,1,1))),2), ":",
suffix (concat ("0", binary-to-ascii (16, 8, "", substring(hardware,2,1))),2), ":",
suffix (concat ("0", binary-to-ascii (16, 8, "", substring(hardware,3,1))),2), ":",
suffix (concat ("0", binary-to-ascii (16, 8, "", substring(hardware,4,1))),2), ":",
suffix (concat ("0", binary-to-ascii (16, 8, "", substring(hardware,5,1))),2), ":",
suffix (concat ("0", binary-to-ascii (16, 8, "", substring(hardware,6,1))),2)
);
set ClientName = pick-first-value(option host-name, config-option-host-name, client-name, noname);
log(concat("Commit: IP: ", ClientIP, " DHCID: ", ClientDHCID, " Name: ", ClientName));
execute("/usr/local/bin/dhcp-dyndns.sh", "add", ClientIP, ClientDHCID, ClientName);
}

on release {
set ClientIP = binary-to-ascii(10, 8, ".", leased-address);
set ClientDHCID = concat (
suffix (concat ("0", binary-to-ascii (16, 8, "", substring(hardware,1,1))),2), ":",
suffix (concat ("0", binary-to-ascii (16, 8, "", substring(hardware,2,1))),2), ":",
suffix (concat ("0", binary-to-ascii (16, 8, "", substring(hardware,3,1))),2), ":",
suffix (concat ("0", binary-to-ascii (16, 8, "", substring(hardware,4,1))),2), ":",
suffix (concat ("0", binary-to-ascii (16, 8, "", substring(hardware,5,1))),2), ":",
suffix (concat ("0", binary-to-ascii (16, 8, "", substring(hardware,6,1))),2)
);
log(concat("Release: IP: ", ClientIP));
execute("/usr/local/bin/dhcp-dyndns.sh", "delete", ClientIP, ClientDHCID);
}

on expiry {
set ClientIP = binary-to-ascii(10, 8, ".", leased-address);
# cannot get a ClientMac here, apparently this only works when actually receiving a packet
log(concat("Expired: IP: ", ClientIP));
# cannot get a ClientName here, for some reason that always fails
# however the dhcp update script will obtain the short hostname.
execute("/usr/local/bin/dhcp-dyndns.sh", "delete", ClientIP, "", "0");
}


Start the dhcp server and see what happens.



Add failover

Add the following to the /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf file on the primary:

failover peer "dhcp-failover" {
  primary;
  address dc1.samdom.example.com;
  peer address dc2.samdom.example.com;
  max-response-delay 60;
  max-unacked-updates 10;
  mclt 3600;
  split 255;
  load balance max seconds 3;
}

..and secondary:

failover peer "dhcp-failover" {
  secondary;
  address dc2.samdom.example.com;
  peer address dc1.samdom.example.com;
  max-response-delay 60;
  max-unacked-updates 10;
  load balance max seconds 3;
}


Add references for the subnet/pool which will do failover.

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
  option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
  option time-offset 0;
  option routers 192.168.0.1;
  option domain-name "samdom.example.com";
  option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.5, 192.168.0.6;
  option ntp-servers 192.168.0.5, 192.168.0.6;
  pool {
    failover peer "dhcp-failover";
    max-lease-time 1800; # 30 minutes
    range 192.168.0.50 192.168.0.229;
  }
}

Configure OMAPI and define a secret key.

Generate a random OMAPI key on the primary, using the dnssec-keygen utility distributed with BIND.

dnssec‐keygen ‐a HMAC‐MD5 ‐b 512 ‐n USER DHCP_OMAPI

Now extract the actual key:

cat Kdhcp_omapi.+*.private |grep ^Key|cut -d ' ' -f2-

Add the following to dhcpd.conf on both primary and secondary.

omapi-port 7911;
omapi-key omapi_key;

key omapi_key {
     algorithm hmac-md5;
     secret "PUT_YOUR_KEY_HERE";
}

Replace PUT_YOUR_KEY_HERE with the key you extracted from the private key created by the dnssec command

Restart both servers to apply the configuration changes.

You should find lines similar to these, in the system logs on both machines:

Feb 28 17:34:39 dc1 dhcpd: failover peer dhcp-failover: peer moves from recover-done to normal
Feb 28 17:34:39 dc1 dhcpd: failover peer dhcp-failover: Both servers normal

If OMAPI is working properly you can test failover by stopping the primary server.

If you are using a firewall, you will need to open TCP ports 647 and 7911

Once you are sure everything is working as expected, restart both servers to ensure everything is running correctly.

The 'split' value '255' on the 'primary', makes it responsible for the clients. With the value set to '255', the primary will answer all dhcp requests unless it is down (for whatever reason), use '0' to make the secondary responsible.

For more information, read the dhcpd.conf manpage man dhcpd.conf.



Apparmor

To get DHCP updates working with Apparmor, you need to alter /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.dhcpd to match this.

/etc/dhcp/ r,
/etc/dhcp/** r,
/etc/dhcpd{,6}.conf r,
/etc/dhcpd{,6}_ldap.conf r,
/usr/local/bin/dhcp-dyndns.sh ix,
/bin/grep rix,
/usr/sbin/samba rix,
/usr/bin/gawk rix,
/bin/hostname rix,
/usr/bin/wbinfo rix,
/usr/bin/heimtools rix,
/usr/bin/logger rix,
/usr/bin/kinit.heimdal rix,
/bin/date rix,
/dev/tty wr,
/dev/urandom w,
/proc/** r,
/usr/bin/kinit w,
/run/samba/winbindd/pipe wr,


The first 4 lines are the default, you will need to add everything else. With these settings the dhcp-server will start and work.

The above settings have been tested on Ubuntu 18.04 and were supplied by Stefan Kania.


Any questions or problems, ask on the Samba mailing list.