Setting up Samba as an Active Directory Domain Controller: Difference between revisions
(Added krb.conf and dns.keytab permission explaination) |
m (/* minor updates) |
||
(489 intermediate revisions by 46 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
= |
= Introduction = |
||
tridge@samba.org, December 2004 |
|||
Starting from version 4.0, Samba is able to run as an Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC). If you are installing Samba in a production environment, it is recommended to run two or more DCs for failover reasons. |
|||
Updates: |
|||
asn@redhat.com, December 2009 |
|||
tridge@samba.org, February 2010 (for alpha12) |
|||
mat@samba.org, July 2010 (adapt to waf build) |
|||
mat@samba.org, October 2010 (for alpha13) |
|||
This documentation describes how to set up Samba as the first DC to build a new AD forest. Additionally, use this documentation if you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to Samba AD. To join Samba as an additional DC to an existing AD forest, see [[Joining_a_Samba_DC_to_an_Existing_Active_Directory|Joining a Samba DC to an Existing Active Directory]]. |
|||
This is a very basic document on how to setup a simple Samba4 |
|||
server. This is aimed at people who are already familiar with Samba3 |
|||
and wish to participate in Samba4 development or test the alpha |
|||
releases of Samba4. This is not aimed at general production use of |
|||
Samba4, although some brave sites are running Samba4 in production |
|||
based on these instructions. |
|||
Samba as an AD DC only supports: |
|||
== Video demonstrations of this HOWTO == |
|||
* the integrated LDAP server as AD back end. For details, see the frequently asked question (FAQ) [[FAQ#Does_Samba_AD_DCs_Support_OpenLDAP_or_Other_LDAP_Servers_as_Back_End.3F|Does Samba AD DCs Support OpenLDAP or Other LDAP Servers as Back End?]] |
|||
* the [http://www.h5l.se/ Heimdal] Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC). |
|||
: Samba provides experimental support for the [https://web.mit.edu/kerberos/ MIT Kerberos] KDC provided by your operating system if you run Samba 4.7 or later and has been built using the <code>--with-system-mitkrb5</code> option. In other cases Samba uses the Heimdal KDC included in Samba. For further details about Samba using the MIT KDC, and why it is experimental see [[Running a Samba AD DC with MIT Kerberos KDC]]. |
|||
= Preparing the Installation = |
|||
A set of [[samba4/videos|demonstration videos]] is available that |
|||
may provide a useful overview of this contents of this HOWTO |
|||
* Select a host name for your AD DC. |
|||
== A note on alpha versions == |
|||
: Do not use NT4-only terms as host name, such as <code>PDC</code> or <code>BDC</code>. These modes do not exist in an AD and cause confusion. |
|||
* Select a DNS domain for your AD forest. The name will also be used as the AD Kerberos realm. |
|||
Samba4 is developing very rapidly. This HOWTO has recently been |
|||
: {{Imbox |
|||
updated to reflect the changes made up to September 2010 in preparation |
|||
| type = important |
|||
for the Samba4-alpha13 release. |
|||
| text = Make sure that you provision the AD using a DNS domain that will not need to be changed. Samba does not support renaming the AD DNS zone and Kerberos realm. Do not use <code>.local</code> for the TLD, this is used by Avahi. |
|||
}} |
|||
: For additional information, see [[Active_Directory_Naming_FAQ|Active Directory Naming FAQ]]. |
|||
* Use a static IP address on the DC. |
|||
== Step 1: Download Samba4 == |
|||
* Disable tools, such as <code>resolvconf</code>, that automatically update your <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> DNS resolver configuration file. AD DCs and domain members must use an DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zones. |
|||
If you have downloaded the Samba4 code via a tarball released from the |
|||
samba.org website, Step 1 has already been completed for you. For testing |
|||
with the version released in the tarball, you may continue on to Step 2. |
|||
* Verify that no Samba processes are running: |
|||
Note that the references below to the top-level directory named |
|||
# ps ax | egrep "samba|smbd|nmbd|winbindd" |
|||
"samba-master" will instead be based on the name of the tarball |
|||
: If the output lists any <code>samba</code>, <code>smbd</code>, <code>nmbd</code>, or <code>winbindd</code> processes, shut down the processes. |
|||
downloaded (e.g. "samba-4.0.0alpha13" for the tarball |
|||
samba-4.0.0alpha13.tar.gz). Also note that in the "master" branch the |
|||
samba4 code is located in the "source4/" subdirectory. |
|||
* Verify that the <code>/etc/hosts</code> file on the DC correctly resolves the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) and short host name to the LAN IP address of the DC. For example: |
|||
Otherwise there are two methods for downloading the current samba version: |
|||
127.0.0.1 localhost |
|||
10.99.0.1 DC1.samdom.example.com DC1 |
|||
:The host name and FQDN must not resolve to the <code>127.0.0.1</code> IP address or any other IP address than the one used on the LAN interface of the DC. |
|||
* If you previously ran a Samba installation on this host: |
|||
* via git |
|||
:* Remove the existing <code>smb.conf</code> file. To list the path to the file: |
|||
* via rsync |
|||
# smbd -b | grep "CONFIGFILE" |
|||
If you don't have rsync or git then install one of them, or stick to the latest tarball release. |
|||
CONFIGFILE: /usr/local/samba/etc/samba/smb.conf |
|||
If you have a choice, we strongly recommend using the git method for |
|||
downloading Samba, as it makes getting updates easier, and also allows |
|||
you to integrate test patches from Samba developers more easily in |
|||
case of problems. |
|||
:* Remove all Samba database files, such as <code>*.tdb</code> and <code>*.ldb</code> files. To list the folders containing Samba databases: |
|||
=== git === |
|||
# smbd -b | egrep "LOCKDIR|STATEDIR|CACHEDIR|PRIVATE_DIR" |
|||
$ git clone git://git.samba.org/samba.git samba-master; cd samba-master |
|||
LOCKDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/lock/ |
|||
STATEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/locks/ |
|||
CACHEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/cache/ |
|||
PRIVATE_DIR: /usr/local/samba/private/ |
|||
: Starting with a clean environment helps to prevent confusion and ensures that no files from any previous Samba installation will be mixed with your new domain DC installation. |
|||
This will create a directory called "samba-master" in the current |
|||
directory. |
|||
* Remove an existing <code>/etc/krb5.conf</code> file: |
|||
If you want to update the tree to the latest version run: |
|||
# rm /etc/krb5.conf |
|||
$ git pull |
|||
=== rsync === |
|||
$ rsync -avz samba.org::ftp/unpacked/samba_4_0_test/ samba-master |
|||
Note that the above rsync command will give you a checked out git |
|||
repository, but it needs some changes so that you can update it using git: |
|||
$ cd samba-master/ |
|||
$ rm .git/refs/tags/* |
|||
$ rm -r .git/refs/remotes/ |
|||
$ git config remote.origin.url git://git.samba.org/samba.git |
|||
$ git config --add remote.origin.fetch +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/* (this line is optional) |
|||
$ git fetch |
|||
= Installing Samba = |
|||
Note you can ignore this error from git fetch: |
|||
error: refs/heads/master does not point to a valid object! |
|||
{{:Installing_Samba}} |
|||
You can update it to the latest version at some future date using: |
|||
$ git pull |
|||
If you get an error like this: |
|||
fatal: Unable to create '[...]/samba_master/.git/index.lock': File exists. |
|||
remove the lock file and try running "git pull" again. |
|||
== Step 2: Compile Samba4 == |
|||
Recommended optional development libraries: |
|||
*acl and xattr development libraries (libattr1-dev package in Debian/Ubuntu) |
|||
*blkid development libraries (libblkid-dev package in Debian/Ubuntu) |
|||
*gnutls (libgnutls-dev package in Debian/Ubuntu) |
|||
*readline (libreadline5-dev package in Debian/Ubuntu) |
|||
*Python development libraries (python-dev in Debian/Ubuntu) required to compile |
|||
= Provisioning a Samba Active Directory = |
|||
Combined |
|||
For Debian: |
|||
$ apt-get install build-essential libattr1-dev libblkid-dev libgnutls-dev libreadline5-dev python-dev autoconf python-dnspython gdb pkg-config bind9utils |
|||
The Samba AD provisioning process creates the AD databases and adds initial records, such as the domain administrator account and required DNS entries. |
|||
For Fedora: |
|||
If you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to AD, skip this step and run the Samba classic upgrade. For details, see [[Migrating_a_Samba_NT4_Domain_to_Samba_AD_(Classic_Upgrade)|Migrating a Samba NT4 Domain to Samba AD (Classic Upgrade)]]. |
|||
$ yum install libacl-devel libblkid-devel gnutls-devel readline-devel python-devel gdb pkgconfig |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
Since only released versions of Samba contain a pre-generated configure script, |
|||
| type = note |
|||
you will have to generate it by hand if you downloaded the source with rsync or git: |
|||
| text = The AD provisioning requires root permissions to create files and set permissions. |
|||
}} |
|||
$ cd samba-master/source4 |
|||
$ ./autogen-waf.sh |
|||
The <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command provides several parameters to use with the interactive and non-interactive setup. For details, see: |
|||
Run this: |
|||
# samba-tool domain provision --help |
|||
$ cd samba-master/source4 |
|||
$ ./configure.developer |
|||
$ make |
|||
The above command will setup Samba4 to install in /usr/local/samba. If |
|||
you want Samba to install somewhere else then you should use the |
|||
--prefix option to configure.developer. |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
The reason we recommend using configure.developer rather than |
|||
| type = note |
|||
configure for Samba4 alpha releases is that it will include extra |
|||
| text = When provisioning a new AD, it is recommended to enable the NIS extensions by passing the <code>--use-rfc2307</code> parameter to the <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command. There are no disadvantages to enabling the NIS extensions, but enabling them in an existing domain requires manually extending the AD schema. For further details about Unix attributes in AD, see: |
|||
debug information that will help us diagnose problems in case of |
|||
* [[Setting_up_RFC2307_in_AD|Setting up RFC2307 in AD]] |
|||
failures. It will also allow you to run the various builtin automatic |
|||
* [[Idmap_config_ad|idmap config = ad]] |
|||
tests. |
|||
}} |
|||
After building Samba, we recommend that you run |
|||
$ make quicktest |
|||
== Parameter Explanation == |
|||
That will run a short (approximately 2 minute) set of tests to |
|||
validate your build of Samba. While we try to be careful to ensure |
|||
that all builds of Samba in the git repository are usable, sometimes a |
|||
bug slips through, and 'make quicktest' is a fast way of checking that |
|||
your build passes basic tests. |
|||
Set the following parameters during the provisioning: |
|||
The output of 'make quicktest' should end in a "ALL OK" message. If it |
|||
doesn't, then please ask on the samba-technical mailing list or |
|||
the #samba-technical IRC channel. |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
== Step 3: Install Samba4 == |
|||
!Interactive Mode Setting |
|||
!Non-interactive Mode Parameter |
|||
!Explanation |
|||
|- |
|||
|<code>--use-rfc2307</code> |
|||
|<code>--use-rfc2307</code> |
|||
|Enables the NIS extensions required for the ADUC Unix Attributes tab. |
|||
|- |
|||
|<code>Realm</code> |
|||
|<code>--realm</code> |
|||
|Kerberos realm. The uppercase version of the AD DNS domain. For example: <code>SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM</code>. |
|||
|- |
|||
|<code>Domain</code> |
|||
|<code>--domain</code> |
|||
|NetBIOS domain name (Workgroup). This can be anything, but it must be one word, not longer than 15 characters and not containing a dot. It is recommended to use the first part of the AD DNS domain. For example: <code>samdom</code>. Do not use the computers short hostname. |
|||
|- |
|||
|<code>Server Role</code> |
|||
|<code>--server-role</code> |
|||
|Installs the domain controller <code>DC</code> role. |
|||
|- |
|||
|<code>DNS backend</code> |
|||
|<code>--dns-backend</code> |
|||
|Sets the DNS back end. The first DC in an AD must be installed using a DNS back end. Note that the <code>BIND9_FLATFILE</code> is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
|||
|- |
|||
|<code>DNS forwarder IP address</code> |
|||
|not available |
|||
|This setting is only available when using the <code>SAMBA_INTERNAL</code> DNS back end. For details, see [[Samba_Internal_DNS_Back_End#Setting_up_a_DNS_Forwarder|Setting up a DNS Forwarder]]. |
|||
|- |
|||
|<code>Administrator password</code> |
|||
|<code>--adminpass</code> |
|||
|Sets the domain administrator password. If the password does not match the complexity requirements, the provisioning fails. For details, see [https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc786468%28v=ws.10%29.aspx Microsoft TechNet: Passwords must meet complexity requirements]. |
|||
|} |
|||
Other parameters frequently used with the <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command: |
|||
Run this as a user who have permission to write to the install |
|||
* <code>--option="interfaces=lo eth0" --option="bind interfaces only=yes"</code>: If your server has multiple network interfaces, use these options to bind Samba to the specified interfaces. This enables the <code>samba-tool</code> command to register the correct LAN IP address in the directory during the join. |
|||
directory (which defaults to /usr/local/samba). Use --prefix option to |
|||
configure.developer above to change this. |
|||
$ make install |
|||
For the rest of this HOWTO we will assume that you have installed |
|||
Samba4 in the default location, which is /usr/local/samba. |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
== Step 4: Provision Samba4 == |
|||
| type = note |
|||
| text = do NOT use <code>NONE</code> as the DNS backend, it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
The "provision" step sets up a basic user database, and is used when you are setting up your Samba4 |
|||
| type = note |
|||
server in its own domain. If you instead want to setup your Samba4 server as an additional domain controller |
|||
| text = If using Bind as the DNS backend, do NOT use <code>BIND9_FLATFILE</code>, it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
|||
in an existing domain, then please see the separate page on [[Samba4 joining a domain]]. |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
In the following examples we will assume your DNS domain name is |
|||
| type = important |
|||
'samdom.example.com' and your short (also known as NT4) domain name is |
|||
| text = Once you have provisioned the first DC in an AD domain, do not provision any further DCs in the same domain, [[Joining_a_Samba_DC_to_an_Existing_Active_Directory|Join]] any further DCs. |
|||
'samdom'. We will assume that your Samba servers hostname is samba. |
|||
}} |
|||
It must be run as a user with permission to write to the install directory (which means you may need to run this command with sudo) |
|||
$ cd samba-master/source4 |
|||
$ ./setup/provision --realm=samdom.example.com --domain=SAMDOM --adminpass=SOMEPASSWORD --server-role='domain controller' |
|||
== Provisioning Samba AD in Interactive Mode == |
|||
If you get an error like this: |
|||
tdb_open_ex: could not open file /usr/local/samba/private/sam.ldb.d/DC=SAMDOM,DC=EXAMPLE,DC=COM. ldb: Permission denied |
|||
then you need to rerun with sudo |
|||
To provision a Samba AD interactively, run: |
|||
Troubleshooting note: |
|||
you may need to rm the smb.conf file if you failed to pass valid names and provision previously failed |
|||
# samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 --interactive |
|||
There are many other options you can pass to the 'provision' command, run it with the --help option to see a list of them. |
|||
Realm [SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]: SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
Domain [SAMDOM]: SAMDOM |
|||
Server Role (dc, member, standalone) [dc]: dc |
|||
DNS backend (SAMBA_INTERNAL, BIND9_FLATFILE, BIND9_DLZ, NONE) [SAMBA_INTERNAL]: SAMBA_INTERNAL |
|||
DNS forwarder IP address (write 'none' to disable forwarding) [10.99.0.1]: 8.8.8.8 |
|||
Administrator password: Passw0rd |
|||
Retype password: Passw0rd |
|||
Looking up IPv4 addresses |
|||
Looking up IPv6 addresses |
|||
No IPv6 address will be assigned |
|||
Setting up share.ldb |
|||
Setting up secrets.ldb |
|||
Setting up the registry |
|||
Setting up the privileges database |
|||
Setting up idmap db |
|||
Setting up SAM db |
|||
Setting up sam.ldb partitions and settings |
|||
Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE |
|||
Pre-loading the Samba 4 and AD schema |
|||
Adding DomainDN: DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com |
|||
Adding configuration container |
|||
Setting up sam.ldb schema |
|||
Setting up sam.ldb configuration data |
|||
Setting up display specifiers |
|||
Modifying display specifiers |
|||
Adding users container |
|||
Modifying users container |
|||
Adding computers container |
|||
Modifying computers container |
|||
Setting up sam.ldb data |
|||
Setting up well known security principals |
|||
Setting up sam.ldb users and groups |
|||
Setting up self join |
|||
Adding DNS accounts |
|||
Creating CN=MicrosoftDNS,CN=System,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com |
|||
Creating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions |
|||
Populating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions |
|||
Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE marking as synchronized |
|||
Fixing provision GUIDs |
|||
A Kerberos configuration suitable for Samba 4 has been generated at /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf |
|||
Setting up fake yp server settings |
|||
Once the above files are installed, your Samba4 server will be ready to use |
|||
Server Role: active directory domain controller |
|||
Hostname: DC1 |
|||
NetBIOS Domain: SAMDOM |
|||
DNS Domain: samdom.example.com |
|||
DOMAIN SID: S-1-5-21-2614513918-2685075268-614796884 |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
== Step 5: Starting Samba4 == |
|||
| type = note |
|||
| text = The interactive provisioning mode supports passing further parameters to the <code>samba-tool domain provision</code> command. This enables you to modify parameters that are not part of the interactive setup. |
|||
}} |
|||
If you are planning to run Samba4 as a production server, then just run the "samba" binary as root |
|||
# samba |
|||
== Provisioning Samba AD in Non-interactive Mode == |
|||
That will run Samba4 in 'standard' mode, which is suitable for |
|||
production use. Samba4 alpha13 doesn't yet have init scripts included |
|||
for each platform, but making one for your platform should not be |
|||
difficult. |
|||
For example, to provision a Samba AD non-interactively with the following settings: |
|||
If you are running Samba4 as a developer you may find |
|||
* Server role: <code>dc</code> |
|||
the following more useful: |
|||
* NIS extensions enabled |
|||
* Internal DNS back end |
|||
* Kerberos realm and AD DNS zone: <code>samdom.example.com</code> |
|||
* NetBIOS domain name: <code>SAMDOM</code> |
|||
* Domain administrator password: <code>Passw0rd</code> |
|||
# samba-tool domain provision --server-role=dc --use-rfc2307 --dns-backend=SAMBA_INTERNAL --realm=SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM --domain=SAMDOM --adminpass=Passw0rd |
|||
# samba -i -M single |
|||
that means start "samba" with messages in stdout, and running a |
|||
single process. That mode of operation makes debugging "samba" with gdb |
|||
particularly easy. If you want to launch it under gdb, then the following |
|||
example could be useful: |
|||
$ sudo gdb --args bin/samba -i -M single |
|||
Note that if you are running any Samba3 smbd or nmbd processes |
|||
they need to be stopped before starting "samba" from Samba 4. |
|||
Make sure you put the bin and sbin directories from your new install |
|||
in your $PATH or you may end up running the wrong version. You can see what version |
|||
you have by running "samba -V". |
|||
= Setting up the AD DNS back end = |
|||
Note: in older developer versions of samba4 "samba" was still called "smbd". |
|||
Skip this step if you provisioned the DC using the <code>SAMBA_INTERNAL</code> DNS back end. |
|||
== Step 6: Testing Samba4 == |
|||
* Set up the BIND DNS server and the <code>BIND9_DLZ</code> module. For details, see [[Setting_up_a_BIND_DNS_Server|Setting up a BIND DNS Server]]. |
|||
=== smbclient === |
|||
* Start the BIND DNS server. For example: |
|||
First check you have the right version of smbclient in your $PATH |
|||
# systemctl start named |
|||
: For details how to start services, see you distribution's documentation. |
|||
$ smbclient --version |
|||
This should show you a version starting with "Version 4.0.XXXXX". |
|||
Now try this command: |
|||
= Configuring the DNS Resolver = |
|||
$ smbclient -L localhost -U% |
|||
Domain members in an AD use DNS to locate services, such as LDAP and Kerberos. For that, they need to use a DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zone. |
|||
That should show you a list of shares available on your server. For example: |
|||
On your DC, set the AD DNS domain in the <code>search</code> and the IP of your DC in the <code>nameserver</code> parameter of the <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> file. For example: |
|||
Sharename Type Comment |
|||
--------- ---- ------- |
|||
test Disk |
|||
netlogon Disk |
|||
sysvol Disk |
|||
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 4.0.0alpha12-GIT-5e755e9) |
|||
ADMIN$ Disk DISK Service (Samba 4.0.0alpha12-GIT-5e755e9) |
|||
search samdom.example.com |
|||
The 'netlogon' and 'sysvol' shares are basic shares needed for Active Directory server |
|||
nameserver 10.99.0.1 |
|||
operation. |
|||
To test that authentication is working, you should try to connect to the netlogon share |
|||
using the administrator password you set earlier. |
|||
$ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -Uadministrator%PASSWORD |
|||
You should get a "smb>" prompt, and access to your netlogon directory. |
|||
== Step 7 Create a share in smb.conf == |
|||
= Create a reverse zone = |
|||
The provisioning will create a very simple smb.conf with no shares by |
|||
default. For the server to be useful you will need to update it to |
|||
have at least one share. For example: |
|||
You can optionally add a reverse lookup zone. |
|||
[test] |
|||
path = /data/test |
|||
read only = no |
|||
# samba-tool dns zonecreate <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa |
|||
Note that in current alpha versions of Samba4 you need to restart Samba |
|||
Password for [administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]: |
|||
to make new shares visible. This will be fixed in a future release. |
|||
Zone 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa created successfully |
|||
If you need more than one reverse zone (multiple subnets), just run the above command again but with the data for the other subnet. |
|||
== Step 8 Configure DNS == |
|||
The reverse zone is directly live without restarting Samba or BIND. |
|||
A working DNS setup is essential to the correct operation of |
|||
Samba4. Without the right DNS entries, kerberos won't work, which in |
|||
turn means that many of the basic features of Samba4 won't work. |
|||
It is worth spending some extra time to ensure your DNS setup is just |
|||
right, as debugging problems caused by mis-configured DNS can take a |
|||
lot of time later on. |
|||
The simplest way to get a working DNS setup for Samba4 is to start |
|||
with the DNS zone and configuration files that are created by the |
|||
'provision' step above. If you look in /usr/local/samba/private |
|||
directory, you'll find a file called 'named.conf' and another one |
|||
called samdom.example.com.zone (adjusted for your real DNS domain name |
|||
of course!). |
|||
Assuming your have a bind9 DNS server installed, you can activate the |
|||
configuration that the provision has created by adding a line like |
|||
this to /etc/bind/named.conf.local: |
|||
include "/usr/local/samba/private/named.conf"; |
|||
= Configuring Kerberos = |
|||
After adding that line you should restart your bind server and check |
|||
in the system logs for any problems. |
|||
In an AD, Kerberos is used to authenticate users, machines, and services. |
|||
One common problem is that many modern Linux distributions activate |
|||
'Apparmor' or 'SELinux' by default, and these may be configured to |
|||
deny access to bind for your the named.conf and zone files created in |
|||
the provision. If your bind logs show that bind is getting a access |
|||
denied error accessing these files then please see your local system |
|||
documentation for how to enable access to these files in bind (hint: |
|||
for Apparmor systems such as Ubuntu, the command aa-logprof may be |
|||
useful). |
|||
During the provisioning, Samba created a Kerberos configuration file for your DC. Copy this file to your operating system's Kerberos configuration. For example: |
|||
Now you need to test that DNS is working correctly. Check that your |
|||
/etc/resolv.conf is pointing correctly at your local DNS server, then |
|||
run the following commands: |
|||
# cp /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf |
|||
$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com. |
|||
_ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 samba.samdom.example.com. |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
$ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com. |
|||
| type = important |
|||
_kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 samba.samdom.example.com. |
|||
| text = Do not create a symbolic link to the the generated <code>krb5.conf</code> file. In Samba 4.7 and later, the <code>/usr/local/samba/private/</code> directory is no longer accessible by other users than the <code>root</code> user. If the file is a symbolic link, other users are not able to read the file and, for example, dynamic DNS updates fail if you use the <code>BIND_DLZ</code> DNS back end. |
|||
}} |
|||
The pre-created Kerberos configuration uses DNS service (SRV) resource records to locate the KDC. |
|||
$ host -t A samba.samdom.example.com. |
|||
samba.samdom.example.com has address 10.0.0.1 |
|||
Check that you get answers similar to the ones above (adjusted for |
|||
your DNS domain name and hostname). If you get any errors then |
|||
carefully check your system logs to find and fix the problem. |
|||
*Note: One of the problems I've had on Debian system is that the zone autogeneration always detects, and uses, 127.0.1.1 as the domain controller's IP address. That works fine until you 1) Don't have a 127.0.1.1 interface on the machine or 2) Go to join your first client to the domain. In /usr/local/samba/private/named.conf you might need to change 127.0.1.1 to reflect the actual IP address of the server you're setting up. |
|||
== Step 9: Testing kerberos == |
|||
Once DNS is working, you should test that kerberos server builtin to |
|||
Samba4 is working correctly. |
|||
Before testing, first configure the krb.conf file (/etc/krb.conf on RHEL like systems), replace the existing one with the sample from /usr/local/samba/share/setup/krb5.conf. |
|||
Edit the file and replace ${REALM} with you domain name. |
|||
= Testing your Samba AD DC = |
|||
The easiest test is to use the kinit command like this: |
|||
To start the <code>samba</code> service manually, enter: |
|||
$ kinit administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
Password: |
|||
# samba |
|||
''Note:''<br> |
|||
: You have to give your 'domain realm SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM' in <b>uppercase letters</b> to kinit. |
|||
Samba does not provide System V init scripts, <code>systemd</code>, <code>upstart</code>, or other services configuration files. |
|||
The kinit should completely successfully. After it completes you can |
|||
* If you installed Samba using packages, use the script or service configuration file included in the package to start Samba. |
|||
examine the received ticket like this: |
|||
* If you built Samba, see [[Managing_the_Samba_AD_DC_Service|Managing the Samba AD DC Service]]. |
|||
$ klist -e |
|||
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_1000 |
|||
Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
Valid starting Expires Service principal |
|||
02/10/10 19:39:48 02/11/10 19:39:46 krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
Etype (skey, tkt): ArcFour with HMAC/md5, ArcFour with HMAC/md5 |
|||
If you find you don't have kinit or klist, you may need to install them. On debian based |
|||
systems (such as Ubuntu) the packages are called krb5-config and krb5-user. |
|||
== Verifying the File Server == |
|||
You can also test kerberos form a remote client, just make sure you have configure the |
|||
krb5.conf and the resolve.conf to point to the domain controller IP address. |
|||
To list all shares provided by the DC: |
|||
''Note:''<br> |
|||
: If you are using a client behind NAT then you have to add the following to the krb5.conf on the domain controller server: |
|||
Before Samba 4.11.0: |
|||
[kdc] |
|||
check-ticket-addresses = false |
|||
$ smbclient -L localhost -N |
|||
== Step 10 Configure kerberos DNS dynamic updates == |
|||
Anonymous login successful |
|||
Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] |
|||
Sharename Type Comment |
|||
--------- ---- ------- |
|||
netlogon Disk |
|||
sysvol Disk |
|||
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba x.y.z) |
|||
Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] |
|||
Server Comment |
|||
--------- ------- |
|||
Workgroup Master |
|||
--------- ------- |
|||
From Samba 4.11.0: |
|||
If you have a current version of bind9 (tested with bind version 9.6.1 |
|||
on Ubuntu), then the current Samba4 git tree will automatically setup |
|||
and configure a file called /usr/local/samba/private/named.conf.update, which you can include in your master named.conf to allow Samba/Kerberos DNS updates to automatically take place. Be advised that if you include this file in Bind versions that don't support it, Bind will fail to start. |
|||
smbclient -L localhost -N |
|||
You additionally need to set two environment variables for bind9: |
|||
Anonymous login successful |
|||
Sharename Type Comment |
|||
--------- ---- ------- |
|||
sysvol Disk |
|||
netlogon Disk |
|||
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 4.12.6-Debian) |
|||
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available |
|||
KEYTAB_FILE="/usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab" |
|||
KRB5_KTNAME="/usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab" |
|||
export KEYTAB_FILE |
|||
export KRB5_KTNAME |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
These should be put in your settings file for bind9. On Debian based |
|||
| type = note |
|||
systems this is in /etc/default/bind9. |
|||
| text = The <code>netlogon</code> and <code>sysvol</code> shares were auto-created during the provisioning and must exist on a DC. |
|||
On RedHat derived systems it is |
|||
}} |
|||
in /etc/sysconfig/named. Strictly speaking you only either need |
|||
KEYTAB_FILE or KRB5_KTNAME, but which you need depends on your distro, |
|||
so it's easier to just set both. |
|||
The dns.keytab must be readable by the bind server user this could be accomplished by executing: |
|||
$ chown named.named /usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab |
|||
To verify authentication, connect to the <code>netlogon</code> share using the domain administrator account: |
|||
Then in your /etc/bind/named.conf.options you need this: |
|||
$ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -UAdministrator -c 'ls' |
|||
tkey-gssapi-credential "DNS/samdom.example.com"; |
|||
Enter Administrator's password: |
|||
tkey-domain "SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM"; |
|||
Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] |
|||
. D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016 |
|||
.. D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016 |
|||
49386 blocks of size 524288. 42093 blocks available |
|||
If one or more tests fail, see [[#Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]]. |
|||
The last part of the credential in the first line must match the domain |
|||
you've setup. This used to be the hostname of the machine running the DNS |
|||
server, but at least in alpha12 and later you should use the domain. |
|||
The way the automatic DNS update in Samba works is that the provision |
|||
will create a file /usr/local/samba/private/dns_update_list, which |
|||
contains a list of DNS entries that Samba will try to dynamically |
|||
update at startup and every 10 minutes thereafter. Updates will only |
|||
happen if the DNS entries do not already exist. |
|||
If you want to debug this process, then please run this as root: |
|||
== Verifying DNS == |
|||
/usr/local/samba/sbin/samba_dnsupdate --verbose |
|||
To verify that your AD DNS configuration works correctly, query some DNS records: |
|||
that will give you more information on the updates that Samba is doing |
|||
at runtime, and show you any errors that are generated. |
|||
* The tcp-based <code>_ldap</code> SRV record in the domain: |
|||
If you are joining Samba4 to an existing Windows DNS domain, or you |
|||
are using a Windows DNS server instead of bind9, then you need |
|||
bind version 9.7.2rc1 (or higher) for the nsupdate command to correctly work |
|||
with recent versions of Windows. If you don't have bind 9.7.2rc1 or better, |
|||
recent Windows clients (such as Windows7 and Win2K8) won't be able to |
|||
do dynamic DNS updates to your bind9 server, and bind9 won't be able |
|||
to do dynamic DNS updates against a Windows DNS server. |
|||
$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com. |
|||
Until your distribution's Bind package is updated, |
|||
_ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 dc1.samdom.example.com. |
|||
you can get an appropriate version like this (Applies for current Debian/Ubuntu-based systems). |
|||
* The udp-based <code>_kerberos</code> SRV resource record in the domain: |
|||
$ sudo apt-get build-dep bind9 |
|||
$ sudo apt-get install ccache |
|||
$ wget http://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind9/9.7.2/bind-9.7.2.tar.gz |
|||
$ tar -xvf bind-9.7.2.tar.gz |
|||
$ cd bind-9.7.2 |
|||
$ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com. |
|||
For some installations, you may want to change your prefix to /usr/local and keep the rest of the options. Alternatively, you can just build and install. |
|||
_kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 dc1.samdom.example.com. |
|||
* The A record of the domain controller: |
|||
$ ./configure |
|||
$ make |
|||
$ sudo make install |
|||
$ host -t A dc1.samdom.example.com. |
|||
Now you have to ensure that bind can read the dns.keytab file, the |
|||
dc1.samdom.example.com has address 10.99.0.1 |
|||
named.conf file and the zone file. It also needs to be able to write |
|||
the zone file. The Samba provision tries to setup the permissions |
|||
correctly for these files, but you may find you need to make changes |
|||
in your Apparmor or SELinux configuration if you are running either of |
|||
those. If you are using Apparmor then the aa-logprof command may help |
|||
you add any missing permissions you need to add after you start Samba |
|||
and bind9 for the first time after configuring them. |
|||
If one or more tests fail, see [[#Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]]. |
|||
You should also carefully check the permissions on the private/dns directory to ensure it is writable by bind. |
|||
On some systems you may also find that you need to symlink the dns.keytab file as |
|||
/etc/krb5.keytab, as bind may not honor the environment variables for the location |
|||
of this file. |
|||
== NOTE about filesystem support == |
|||
== Verifying Kerberos == |
|||
To use the advanced features of Samba4 you need a filesystem that |
|||
supports both the "user" and "system" xattr namespaces. |
|||
* Request a Kerberos ticket for the domain administrator account: |
|||
If you run Linux with a 2.6 kernel and ext3 this means you need to |
|||
include the option "user_xattr" in your /etc/fstab. For example: |
|||
$ kinit administrator |
|||
/dev/hda3 /home ext3 user_xattr 1 1 |
|||
Password for administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM: |
|||
: {{Imbox |
|||
You also need to compile your kernel with the XATTR and SECURITY |
|||
| type = note |
|||
options for your filesystem. For ext3 that means you need: |
|||
| text = If you do not pass the principal in the <code>user@REALM</code> format to the <code>kinit</code> command, the Kerberos realm is automatically appended.<br />Always enter the Kerberos realm in uppercase. |
|||
}} |
|||
* List the cached Kerberos tickets: |
|||
CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR=y |
|||
CONFIG_EXT3_FS_SECURITY=y |
|||
$ klist |
|||
If you are running a Linux 2.6 kernel with CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC |
|||
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0 |
|||
defined you can check this with the following command: |
|||
Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
$ zgrep CONFIG_EXT3_FS /proc/config.gz |
|||
If you don't have a filesystem with xattr support, then you can |
|||
simulate it by using the option: |
|||
posix:eadb = /usr/local/samba/eadb.tdb |
|||
that will place all extra file attributes (NT ACLs, DOS EAs, streams |
|||
etc), in that tdb. It is not efficient, and doesn't scale well, but at |
|||
least it gives you a choice when you don't have a modern filesystem. |
|||
=== Testing your filesystem === |
|||
To test your filesystem support, install the 'attr' package and run |
|||
the following 4 commands as root: |
|||
# touch test.txt |
|||
# setfattr -n user.test -v test test.txt |
|||
# setfattr -n security.test -v test2 test.txt |
|||
# getfattr -d test.txt |
|||
# getfattr -n security.test -d test.txt |
|||
You should see output like this: |
|||
# file: test.txt |
|||
user.test="test" |
|||
# file: test.txt |
|||
security.test="test2" |
|||
If you get any "Operation not supported" errors then it means your |
|||
kernel is not configured correctly, or your filesystem is not mounted |
|||
with the right options. |
|||
If you get any "Operation not permitted" errors then it probably means |
|||
you didn't try the test as root. |
|||
If you are using the posix:eadb option then you don't need to test your filesystem in this manner. |
|||
== Profiling with google-perftools == |
|||
LDFLAGS="-ltcmalloc -lprofiler" ./configure --enable-developer ..... |
|||
This also works for CFLAGS |
|||
= Configure a Windows Client to join a Samba 4 Active Directory = |
|||
Active Directory is a powerful administration service which enables an administrator to centrally manage a network of Windows 2000, Windows XP Pro, Windows 2003, and Windows Vista Business Edition effectively. To test the real Samba 4 capability, we use Windows XP Pro as testing environment (Windows XP Home doesn't include Active Directory functionality and won't work). |
|||
To allow Samba 4 Active Directory or Microsoft Active Directory to manage a computer, we need to join the computer into the active directory. |
|||
It involves: |
|||
# Configuring DNS Setting |
|||
# Configuring date/time and time zone |
|||
# Joining the domain |
|||
== Step 1: Configure DNS Setting for Windows == |
|||
Before we configure the DNS setting, verify that you are able to ping the Server's IP Address. If you are not able to ping the server, double check your IP address, firewall, routing, etc. |
|||
Once you have verified network connectivity between the Samba server and client, |
|||
# Right Click My Network Places -> Properties |
|||
# Double click local area network->Properties |
|||
# Double click tcp/ip |
|||
# Use static dns server, add the Samba 4 server's ip address inside the primary dns server column. [[:Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/dnsclient.jpg]] |
|||
# Press ok, ok, ok again until finished. |
|||
# Open a command prompt, type 'ping servername.your.realm' (change to suit your custom realm per your provision) |
|||
If you get replies, then it means your Windows XP settings are correct (for DNS) and Samba4 Server's DNS services is working as well. |
|||
== Step 2: Configure date/time and time zone == |
|||
Active Directory uses Kerberos as the backend for authentication. Kerberos requires that the system clock on the client and server be synchronized to within a few seconds of each other. If they are not synchronized, authentication will fail for apparently no reason. |
|||
# Change the timezone in Windows XP Pro so that server and client using same time zone. In my computer, I use Asia/Kuala_Lumpur (I come from Malaysia).[[:Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/timezone.jpg]] |
|||
# Change the date/time so the client have same HH:MM with the server [[:Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/time.jpg]] |
|||
== Step 3: Joining the Windows client into domain == |
|||
Now your Windows is ready to join the Active Directory (AD) domain, |
|||
As administrator:- |
|||
# Right Click my Computer-> Properties |
|||
# Choose Computer Name, click change.. |
|||
# Click option 'Domain', insert YOUR.REALM (if you failed, try YOURDOM)([[:Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/joindomain.jpg]] |
|||
# When it request username/password, type '''administrator''' as username, '''SOMEPASSWORD''' as password (per your earlier provision). |
|||
# It will tell you the Windows XP has successfully join into Active Directory Domain, and you need to restart. |
|||
# After restart, you should get the normal domain logon dialog |
|||
# Choose domain YOURDOM, insert username '''administrator''' as username, '''SOMEPASSWORD''' as password (again, per your earlier provision) |
|||
# If you login successfully, then you able to enjoy samba 4 active directory services at next section. |
|||
= Viewing Samba 4 Active Directory object from Windows XP Pro = |
|||
We need install windows 2003 adminpak into windows XP in order to use |
|||
GUI tools to manage the domain. Before begin, make sure the domain |
|||
administrator have administrative right to control your computer.(To |
|||
give any user administrative right, in Windows XP Pro, right click my |
|||
computer, press manage-> choose groups-> double click administrators |
|||
and add members from domain into the member list. During you add |
|||
member from active directory as member, it will prompt you to enter |
|||
active directory username/password). |
|||
== Step 1: Installing Windows Remote Administration Tools onto Windows == |
|||
= Windows7 = |
|||
Download the Windows Remote Administration Tools from |
|||
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=7D2F6AD7-656B-4313-A005-4E344E43997D&displaylang=en |
|||
and follow the "Install RSAT" instructions |
|||
= Vista = |
|||
Download the Windows Remote Administration Tools from |
|||
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=9FF6E897-23CE-4A36-B7FC-D52065DE9960&displaylang=en |
|||
and follow the "Install RSAT" instruction described at |
|||
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/941314 |
|||
= Windows XP Pro = |
|||
# In Windows XP, download adminpak and supporttools from |
|||
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=86b71a4f-4122-44af-be79-3f101e533d95 |
|||
http://download.microsoft.com/download/3/e/4/3e438f5e-24ef-4637-abd1-981341d349c7/WindowsServer2003-KB892777-SupportTools-x86-ENU.exe |
|||
If you installed an older version of the adminpak, you'll notice the dial-in tab is missing from property pages. Just follow the link above to get SP2 which does not have this issue. |
|||
Valid starting Expires Service principal |
|||
# Run through the installation. |
|||
01.11.2016 08:45:00 12.11.2016 18:45:00 krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM |
|||
# Press start->run, type 'dsa.msc', if a window 'active directory users and computers' prompt up, it mean you had install adminpak it successfully. You can also find this at Start>Programs>Administrative Tools, which should have a lot more items now. |
|||
renew until 02.11.2016 08:44:59 |
|||
# Go to c:\Program Files\Support Tools to check whether the support tools were installed correctly; if yes, then your XP workstation is ready to manage the Samba 4 Active Directory. |
|||
If one or more tests fail, see [[#Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]]. |
|||
== Step 2: Viewing samba 4 active directory content == |
|||
# Login as domain 'testing1.org' administrator, press start->run. |
|||
# type dsa.msc |
|||
**[[:Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/run.jpg ]] |
|||
# Expand the testing1.org tree to see existing object in domain. [[:Image:http://www.extraknowledge.org/xoops/images/samba/dsa.msc.jpg]] |
|||
= Managing Samba 4 Active Directory From Windows XP Pro = |
|||
One of Samba4's goals is to integrate with (and replace) Active Directory as a system. At this point, if everything has worked correctly you should have an "Administrative Tools" menu under Programs. If, under Administrative Tools you have "Active Directory Users and Computers", that is a very good sign. Most times, if there is a configuration or bug in Samba4, the AD Users & Computers (among other interfaces) won't show up as an option. You can run it by hand (Start->Run->dsa.msc) but it's unlikely to work correctly. |
|||
== Step 1: Adding user into Samba 4 Active Directory == |
|||
Unlike Samba3, Samba4 does not require a local unix user for each Samba user that is created. |
|||
To create a Samba user, use the command |
|||
net newuser USERNAME |
|||
Or, if you're using a recent checkout from GIT (newer than 2010/10/23): |
|||
samba-tool newuser USERNAME |
|||
If you get this error message : |
|||
ImportError: No module named samba.netcmd |
|||
run this command |
|||
export PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/samba/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ |
|||
Make sure you run the Samba4 version of net, if you also have Samba3 installed. Samba3 does not have a samba-tool command, so if you are using samba-tool you should be safe. |
|||
To inspect the allocated user ID and SID, use wbinfo |
|||
$ bin/wbinfo --name-to-sid USERNAME |
|||
S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 SID_USER (1) |
|||
$ bin/wbinfo --sid-to-uid S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 |
|||
3000011 |
|||
= Configuring Time Synchronisation = |
|||
If you want to change this mapping, then use ldbedit on the idmap.idb, |
|||
like this: |
|||
Kerberos requires synchronised time on all domain members. For further details and how to set up the <code>ntpd</code> or <code>chrony</code> service, see [[Time_Synchronisation|Time Synchronisation]]. |
|||
$ bin/ldbedit -e emacs -H /usr/local/samba/private/idmap.ldb objectsid=S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 |
|||
You will find records that look like this: |
|||
# record 1 |
|||
dn: CN=S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 |
|||
cn: S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 |
|||
objectClass: sidMap |
|||
objectSid: S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 |
|||
type: ID_TYPE_BOTH |
|||
xidNumber: 3000011 |
|||
distinguishedName: CN=S-1-5-21-4036476082-4153129556-3089177936-1005 |
|||
If you change the xidNumber attribute and save your editor then exit, |
|||
then Samba will update the mapping to between the SID and the user |
|||
ID. Updating group mappings works in the same way. |
|||
You can also manage users using the normal Windows AD user management |
|||
tools. |
|||
= Using the Domain Controller as a File Server = |
|||
= Setting Up Roaming Profiles (Windows 7) = |
|||
Whilst the Samba AD DC is able to provide file shares, just like all other installation modes, the Samba team does not recommend using a DC as a file server for the following reasons: |
|||
1. You will need to create a share for the profiles, typically named '''profiles'''. Edit the ''/usr/local/samba/etc/smb.conf'' to include: |
|||
* For anything but the smallest organisations, having more than one DC is a really good backup measure, and makes upgrades safer |
|||
[profiles] |
|||
* It encourages upgrades of the DC to also be upgrades of the host OS every year or two, because there isn't complex data to transition or other services involved. |
|||
path = /usr/local/samba/var/profiles |
|||
* This means upgrades can be done by installing fresh, and replicating in the changes, which is better tested in Samba, gains new features and avoids a number of lingering data corruption risks. |
|||
read only = no |
|||
* The DC and file-server have different points at which an organisation would wish to upgrade. The needs for new features on the DC and file server come at different times. Currently the AD DC is evolving rapidly to gain features, whereas the fileserver, after over 20 years, is quite rightly more conservative. |
|||
* mandatory smb signing is enforced on the DC. |
|||
2. Create the directory above using: |
|||
If you do decide to use the Samba DC as a fileserver, please consider running a VM, on the DC, containing a separate Samba Unix domain member and use this instead. |
|||
$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/samba/var/profiles |
|||
If you must use the Samba DC as a fileserver, you should be aware that the auto-enabled <code>acl_xattr</code> virtual file system (VFS) object enables you to only configure shares with Windows access control lists (ACL). Using POSIX ACLs with shares on a Samba DC does not work. |
|||
3. On windows start the ''Active Directory Users and Computers'', select all the users, right click and hit properties |
|||
You should be aware that if wish to use a vfs object on a DC share e.g. recycle, you must not just set <code>vfs objects = recycle</code> in the share. Doing this will turn off the default vfs objects <code>dfs_samba4</code> and <code>acl_xattr</code>. You must set <code>vfs objects = dfs_samba4 acl_xattr recycle</code>. |
|||
4. Under the profile tab, in the ''Profile path'' type the path to your share along with %USERNAME% as follows: |
|||
To provide network shares with the full capabilities of Samba, set up a Samba domain member with file shares. For details, see: |
|||
\\sambaserver.samdom.example.com\profiles\%USERNAME% |
|||
* [[Setting_up_Samba_as_a_Domain_Member|Setting up Samba as a Domain Member]] |
|||
* [[Samba_File_Serving|Samba File Serving]] |
|||
5. click OK, logout and login as one of those users. When you logout again, you should see that the profile has been synced onto the samba server. |
|||
If you only have a small domain (small office, home network) and do not want to follow the Samba team's recommendation and use the DC additionally as a file server, configure Winbindd before you start setting up shares. For details, see [[Configuring_Winbindd_on_a_Samba_AD_DC|Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC]]. |
|||
= Adding organization unit (OU) into samba 4 domain = |
|||
Organizational Unit (OU), is a powerful feature in active |
|||
directory. This is a type of container which allows you to drag & drop |
|||
users and/or computers into it. |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
We can link several kind of group policy to an OU, and the settings |
|||
| type = important |
|||
will deploy to all users/computers under the OU. With a single domain |
|||
| text = If you do use an AD DC as a fileserver, you must be aware that it can be problematic and can cause strange errors. |
|||
we can have as many OU and sub OU as you like. So the result is that |
|||
}} |
|||
it can greatly reduce administrative overhead because you are able to |
|||
manage everything via an OU. The implementation of group policy will |
|||
be discussed in the next chapter. |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
Before we create an OU, we must know what an OU looks like. By default |
|||
| type = important |
|||
we can see a sample OU 'Domain Controllers', which uses a different |
|||
| text = If you do use an AD DC as a fileserver, do not add any of the 'idmap config' lines used on a Unix domain member. They will not work and will cause problems. |
|||
icon in the Windows management tools to the 'users' and 'computers' |
|||
}} |
|||
container. We can deploy group policy to users or computers container. |
|||
{{Imbox |
|||
# To create an OU, as the domain administrator, use start -> run -> dsa.msc |
|||
| type = important |
|||
# right click on your domain. |
|||
| text = If you do use an AD DC as a fileserver, You must set the permissions from Windows, do not attempt to use any of the old methods (force user etc) . They will not work correctly and will cause problems. |
|||
# choose new -> organizational unit |
|||
}} |
|||
# type OU Demo' |
|||
# Then you will see an new OU appear, with the name 'OU Demo'. |
|||
# You can drag your user 'demo' into the new OU (Don't move other users! Unless you want to get stuck!) |
|||
# Right Click the 'OU Demo', you can create a sub OU with New->Organizational. |
|||
Normally we create OU based the departmental setup of your |
|||
organization. Be careful not to confuse groups and OUs, groups are |
|||
used to control permissions, OU are used for deployment settings to |
|||
all users/computers within the OU. |
|||
= Implementing Group Policies (GPO) in a Samba4 domain = |
|||
Samba4 Active Directory has support for group policies, and can create |
|||
the group policy on the fly. The basic idea of group policies is:- |
|||
# Group Policies have 2 kind of settings, computers and users. |
|||
# Computer settings apply to computers, user settings apply to users |
|||
# We link the group policy to a particular OU, and the group policy will effect all computers/users under the OU. |
|||
= Troubleshooting = |
|||
# To add a group policy, right click 'OU Demo' OU->properties |
|||
# Choose group policy |
|||
# Press new, name as 'GP Demo' |
|||
# Press edit to edit the policy. |
|||
# Here will demonstrate how to block user from access the control panel. Open the tree 'User Configuration'->'Administrative Templates'->'control panel'. |
|||
# Double click on 'Prohibit access to the Control Panel' |
|||
# Press enabled and then press OK. Now the all users under 'OU Demo' won't able to access to the control panel. |
|||
# Make sure user demo is inside the 'OU Demo' (You can drag and drop it). |
|||
# Logout and login as user 'demo' |
|||
# You'll find user demo is not able to access control panel |
|||
For further details, see [[Samba_AD_DC_Troubleshooting|Samba AD DC Troubleshooting]]. |
|||
* Note that user configuration will take effect once you logout and login. |
|||
* Computer configuration will take effect when you restart the computer |
|||
To learn more about managing and implementing organizational units, group policy, and active directory, try a web search for Google in Windows 2003 Active Directory implementation. |
|||
== Installing the Group Policy Management Console == |
|||
You may also find the Group Policy Management console useful. You can |
|||
download it from: |
|||
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=0A6D4C24-8CBD-4B35-9272-DD3CBFC81887&displaylang=en |
|||
This is primarily useful for when you have larger installs and |
|||
are managing many machines. You may need to download the .NET |
|||
framework first. |
|||
= Further Samba-related Documentation = |
|||
= Joining a Windows domain controller as an additional DC in a domain = |
|||
See [[User_Documentation|User Documentation]]. |
|||
Once you have a Samba domain controller setup, you can choose to join |
|||
additional domain controllers to the domain, whether they be |
|||
additional Samba domain controllers, or additional Windows domain |
|||
controllers. |
|||
If you wish to join an additional Samba domain controller to a domain, |
|||
then please see the [[Samba4/HOWTO/Join a domain as a DC|Joining a domain as a DC]] page. The instructions |
|||
on that page are the same for joining Samba to a Windows domain as |
|||
they are for joining Samba to an existing Samba domain. |
|||
If you wish to join a new Windows domain controller to a Samba domin, |
|||
then you should use the 'dcpromo' tool on the Windows machine. Please |
|||
see the normal instructions for installing dcpromo on Windows, with |
|||
the exception that you should not tick the 'DNS server' option box |
|||
when it is offered. Right now you should either use Windows for DNS, |
|||
or use Samba and bind9 for DNS. Mixing the two can work, but it is an |
|||
advanced topic that is beyond the scope of this howto. |
|||
== Report your success/failure! == |
|||
Samba4 as a replicating domain controller is still developing rapidly, |
|||
and we like to hear from users about their successes and |
|||
failures. While Samba4 is still in alpha release we would encourage |
|||
you to report both your successes and failures to the samba-technical |
|||
mailing list on http://lists.samba.org |
|||
---- |
|||
Please be aware that Samba4 is not complete, so you should deploy it |
|||
[[Category:Domain Control]] |
|||
carefully until it is ready for a non-alpha release. |
|||
[[Category:Active Directory]] |
Revision as of 12:50, 9 September 2020
Introduction
Starting from version 4.0, Samba is able to run as an Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC). If you are installing Samba in a production environment, it is recommended to run two or more DCs for failover reasons.
This documentation describes how to set up Samba as the first DC to build a new AD forest. Additionally, use this documentation if you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to Samba AD. To join Samba as an additional DC to an existing AD forest, see Joining a Samba DC to an Existing Active Directory.
Samba as an AD DC only supports:
- the integrated LDAP server as AD back end. For details, see the frequently asked question (FAQ) Does Samba AD DCs Support OpenLDAP or Other LDAP Servers as Back End?
- the Heimdal Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC).
- Samba provides experimental support for the MIT Kerberos KDC provided by your operating system if you run Samba 4.7 or later and has been built using the
--with-system-mitkrb5
option. In other cases Samba uses the Heimdal KDC included in Samba. For further details about Samba using the MIT KDC, and why it is experimental see Running a Samba AD DC with MIT Kerberos KDC.
Preparing the Installation
- Select a host name for your AD DC.
- Do not use NT4-only terms as host name, such as
PDC
orBDC
. These modes do not exist in an AD and cause confusion.
- Select a DNS domain for your AD forest. The name will also be used as the AD Kerberos realm.
Make sure that you provision the AD using a DNS domain that will not need to be changed. Samba does not support renaming the AD DNS zone and Kerberos realm. Do not use .local
for the TLD, this is used by Avahi.- For additional information, see Active Directory Naming FAQ.
- Use a static IP address on the DC.
- Disable tools, such as
resolvconf
, that automatically update your/etc/resolv.conf
DNS resolver configuration file. AD DCs and domain members must use an DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zones.
- Verify that no Samba processes are running:
# ps ax | egrep "samba|smbd|nmbd|winbindd"
- If the output lists any
samba
,smbd
,nmbd
, orwinbindd
processes, shut down the processes.
- Verify that the
/etc/hosts
file on the DC correctly resolves the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) and short host name to the LAN IP address of the DC. For example:
127.0.0.1 localhost 10.99.0.1 DC1.samdom.example.com DC1
- The host name and FQDN must not resolve to the
127.0.0.1
IP address or any other IP address than the one used on the LAN interface of the DC.
- If you previously ran a Samba installation on this host:
- Remove the existing
smb.conf
file. To list the path to the file:
- Remove the existing
# smbd -b | grep "CONFIGFILE" CONFIGFILE: /usr/local/samba/etc/samba/smb.conf
- Remove all Samba database files, such as
*.tdb
and*.ldb
files. To list the folders containing Samba databases:
- Remove all Samba database files, such as
# smbd -b | egrep "LOCKDIR|STATEDIR|CACHEDIR|PRIVATE_DIR" LOCKDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/lock/ STATEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/locks/ CACHEDIR: /usr/local/samba/var/cache/ PRIVATE_DIR: /usr/local/samba/private/
- Starting with a clean environment helps to prevent confusion and ensures that no files from any previous Samba installation will be mixed with your new domain DC installation.
- Remove an existing
/etc/krb5.conf
file:
# rm /etc/krb5.conf
Installing Samba
Install a maintained Samba version. For details, see Samba Release Planning. |
Provisioning a Samba Active Directory
The Samba AD provisioning process creates the AD databases and adds initial records, such as the domain administrator account and required DNS entries.
If you are migrating a Samba NT4 domain to AD, skip this step and run the Samba classic upgrade. For details, see Migrating a Samba NT4 Domain to Samba AD (Classic Upgrade).
The AD provisioning requires root permissions to create files and set permissions. |
The samba-tool domain provision
command provides several parameters to use with the interactive and non-interactive setup. For details, see:
# samba-tool domain provision --help
When provisioning a new AD, it is recommended to enable the NIS extensions by passing the --use-rfc2307 parameter to the samba-tool domain provision command. There are no disadvantages to enabling the NIS extensions, but enabling them in an existing domain requires manually extending the AD schema. For further details about Unix attributes in AD, see:
|
Parameter Explanation
Set the following parameters during the provisioning:
Interactive Mode Setting | Non-interactive Mode Parameter | Explanation |
---|---|---|
--use-rfc2307
|
--use-rfc2307
|
Enables the NIS extensions required for the ADUC Unix Attributes tab. |
Realm
|
--realm
|
Kerberos realm. The uppercase version of the AD DNS domain. For example: SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM .
|
Domain
|
--domain
|
NetBIOS domain name (Workgroup). This can be anything, but it must be one word, not longer than 15 characters and not containing a dot. It is recommended to use the first part of the AD DNS domain. For example: samdom . Do not use the computers short hostname.
|
Server Role
|
--server-role
|
Installs the domain controller DC role.
|
DNS backend
|
--dns-backend
|
Sets the DNS back end. The first DC in an AD must be installed using a DNS back end. Note that the BIND9_FLATFILE is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version.
|
DNS forwarder IP address
|
not available | This setting is only available when using the SAMBA_INTERNAL DNS back end. For details, see Setting up a DNS Forwarder.
|
Administrator password
|
--adminpass
|
Sets the domain administrator password. If the password does not match the complexity requirements, the provisioning fails. For details, see Microsoft TechNet: Passwords must meet complexity requirements. |
Other parameters frequently used with the samba-tool domain provision
command:
--option="interfaces=lo eth0" --option="bind interfaces only=yes"
: If your server has multiple network interfaces, use these options to bind Samba to the specified interfaces. This enables thesamba-tool
command to register the correct LAN IP address in the directory during the join.
do NOT use NONE as the DNS backend, it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
If using Bind as the DNS backend, do NOT use BIND9_FLATFILE , it is not supported and will be removed in a future Samba version. |
Once you have provisioned the first DC in an AD domain, do not provision any further DCs in the same domain, Join any further DCs. |
Provisioning Samba AD in Interactive Mode
To provision a Samba AD interactively, run:
# samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 --interactive Realm [SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]: SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM Domain [SAMDOM]: SAMDOM Server Role (dc, member, standalone) [dc]: dc DNS backend (SAMBA_INTERNAL, BIND9_FLATFILE, BIND9_DLZ, NONE) [SAMBA_INTERNAL]: SAMBA_INTERNAL DNS forwarder IP address (write 'none' to disable forwarding) [10.99.0.1]: 8.8.8.8 Administrator password: Passw0rd Retype password: Passw0rd Looking up IPv4 addresses Looking up IPv6 addresses No IPv6 address will be assigned Setting up share.ldb Setting up secrets.ldb Setting up the registry Setting up the privileges database Setting up idmap db Setting up SAM db Setting up sam.ldb partitions and settings Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE Pre-loading the Samba 4 and AD schema Adding DomainDN: DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com Adding configuration container Setting up sam.ldb schema Setting up sam.ldb configuration data Setting up display specifiers Modifying display specifiers Adding users container Modifying users container Adding computers container Modifying computers container Setting up sam.ldb data Setting up well known security principals Setting up sam.ldb users and groups Setting up self join Adding DNS accounts Creating CN=MicrosoftDNS,CN=System,DC=samdom,DC=example,DC=com Creating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions Populating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE marking as synchronized Fixing provision GUIDs A Kerberos configuration suitable for Samba 4 has been generated at /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf Setting up fake yp server settings Once the above files are installed, your Samba4 server will be ready to use Server Role: active directory domain controller Hostname: DC1 NetBIOS Domain: SAMDOM DNS Domain: samdom.example.com DOMAIN SID: S-1-5-21-2614513918-2685075268-614796884
The interactive provisioning mode supports passing further parameters to the samba-tool domain provision command. This enables you to modify parameters that are not part of the interactive setup. |
Provisioning Samba AD in Non-interactive Mode
For example, to provision a Samba AD non-interactively with the following settings:
- Server role:
dc
- NIS extensions enabled
- Internal DNS back end
- Kerberos realm and AD DNS zone:
samdom.example.com
- NetBIOS domain name:
SAMDOM
- Domain administrator password:
Passw0rd
# samba-tool domain provision --server-role=dc --use-rfc2307 --dns-backend=SAMBA_INTERNAL --realm=SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM --domain=SAMDOM --adminpass=Passw0rd
Setting up the AD DNS back end
Skip this step if you provisioned the DC using the SAMBA_INTERNAL
DNS back end.
- Set up the BIND DNS server and the
BIND9_DLZ
module. For details, see Setting up a BIND DNS Server.
- Start the BIND DNS server. For example:
# systemctl start named
- For details how to start services, see you distribution's documentation.
Configuring the DNS Resolver
Domain members in an AD use DNS to locate services, such as LDAP and Kerberos. For that, they need to use a DNS server that is able to resolve the AD DNS zone.
On your DC, set the AD DNS domain in the search
and the IP of your DC in the nameserver
parameter of the /etc/resolv.conf
file. For example:
search samdom.example.com nameserver 10.99.0.1
Create a reverse zone
You can optionally add a reverse lookup zone.
# samba-tool dns zonecreate <Your-AD-DNS-Server-IP-or-hostname> 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa Password for [administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM]: Zone 0.99.10.in-addr.arpa created successfully
If you need more than one reverse zone (multiple subnets), just run the above command again but with the data for the other subnet.
The reverse zone is directly live without restarting Samba or BIND.
Configuring Kerberos
In an AD, Kerberos is used to authenticate users, machines, and services.
During the provisioning, Samba created a Kerberos configuration file for your DC. Copy this file to your operating system's Kerberos configuration. For example:
# cp /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf
Do not create a symbolic link to the the generated krb5.conf file. In Samba 4.7 and later, the /usr/local/samba/private/ directory is no longer accessible by other users than the root user. If the file is a symbolic link, other users are not able to read the file and, for example, dynamic DNS updates fail if you use the BIND_DLZ DNS back end. |
The pre-created Kerberos configuration uses DNS service (SRV) resource records to locate the KDC.
Testing your Samba AD DC
To start the samba
service manually, enter:
# samba
Samba does not provide System V init scripts, systemd
, upstart
, or other services configuration files.
- If you installed Samba using packages, use the script or service configuration file included in the package to start Samba.
- If you built Samba, see Managing the Samba AD DC Service.
Verifying the File Server
To list all shares provided by the DC:
Before Samba 4.11.0:
$ smbclient -L localhost -N Anonymous login successful Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- netlogon Disk sysvol Disk IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba x.y.z) Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] Server Comment --------- ------- Workgroup Master --------- -------
From Samba 4.11.0:
smbclient -L localhost -N Anonymous login successful Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- sysvol Disk netlogon Disk IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 4.12.6-Debian) SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available
The netlogon and sysvol shares were auto-created during the provisioning and must exist on a DC. |
To verify authentication, connect to the netlogon
share using the domain administrator account:
$ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -UAdministrator -c 'ls' Enter Administrator's password: Domain=[SAMDOM] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba x.y.z] . D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016 .. D 0 Tue Nov 1 08:40:00 2016 49386 blocks of size 524288. 42093 blocks available
If one or more tests fail, see Troubleshooting.
Verifying DNS
To verify that your AD DNS configuration works correctly, query some DNS records:
- The tcp-based
_ldap
SRV record in the domain:
$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com. _ldap._tcp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 389 dc1.samdom.example.com.
- The udp-based
_kerberos
SRV resource record in the domain:
$ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com. _kerberos._udp.samdom.example.com has SRV record 0 100 88 dc1.samdom.example.com.
- The A record of the domain controller:
$ host -t A dc1.samdom.example.com. dc1.samdom.example.com has address 10.99.0.1
If one or more tests fail, see Troubleshooting.
Verifying Kerberos
- Request a Kerberos ticket for the domain administrator account:
$ kinit administrator Password for administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM:
If you do not pass the principal in the user@REALM
format to thekinit
command, the Kerberos realm is automatically appended.
Always enter the Kerberos realm in uppercase.
- List the cached Kerberos tickets:
$ klist Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0 Default principal: administrator@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM Valid starting Expires Service principal 01.11.2016 08:45:00 12.11.2016 18:45:00 krbtgt/SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM@SAMDOM.EXAMPLE.COM renew until 02.11.2016 08:44:59
If one or more tests fail, see Troubleshooting.
Configuring Time Synchronisation
Kerberos requires synchronised time on all domain members. For further details and how to set up the ntpd
or chrony
service, see Time Synchronisation.
Using the Domain Controller as a File Server
Whilst the Samba AD DC is able to provide file shares, just like all other installation modes, the Samba team does not recommend using a DC as a file server for the following reasons:
- For anything but the smallest organisations, having more than one DC is a really good backup measure, and makes upgrades safer
- It encourages upgrades of the DC to also be upgrades of the host OS every year or two, because there isn't complex data to transition or other services involved.
- This means upgrades can be done by installing fresh, and replicating in the changes, which is better tested in Samba, gains new features and avoids a number of lingering data corruption risks.
- The DC and file-server have different points at which an organisation would wish to upgrade. The needs for new features on the DC and file server come at different times. Currently the AD DC is evolving rapidly to gain features, whereas the fileserver, after over 20 years, is quite rightly more conservative.
- mandatory smb signing is enforced on the DC.
If you do decide to use the Samba DC as a fileserver, please consider running a VM, on the DC, containing a separate Samba Unix domain member and use this instead.
If you must use the Samba DC as a fileserver, you should be aware that the auto-enabled acl_xattr
virtual file system (VFS) object enables you to only configure shares with Windows access control lists (ACL). Using POSIX ACLs with shares on a Samba DC does not work.
You should be aware that if wish to use a vfs object on a DC share e.g. recycle, you must not just set vfs objects = recycle
in the share. Doing this will turn off the default vfs objects dfs_samba4
and acl_xattr
. You must set vfs objects = dfs_samba4 acl_xattr recycle
.
To provide network shares with the full capabilities of Samba, set up a Samba domain member with file shares. For details, see:
If you only have a small domain (small office, home network) and do not want to follow the Samba team's recommendation and use the DC additionally as a file server, configure Winbindd before you start setting up shares. For details, see Configuring Winbindd on a Samba AD DC.
If you do use an AD DC as a fileserver, you must be aware that it can be problematic and can cause strange errors. |
If you do use an AD DC as a fileserver, do not add any of the 'idmap config' lines used on a Unix domain member. They will not work and will cause problems. |
If you do use an AD DC as a fileserver, You must set the permissions from Windows, do not attempt to use any of the old methods (force user etc) . They will not work correctly and will cause problems. |
Troubleshooting
For further details, see Samba AD DC Troubleshooting.
See User Documentation.